Gaetano Filangieri at The Borghese Gardens, Rome

Gaetano Filangieri (22 August 1752 – 21 July 1788) was an Italian jurist and philosopher. Filangieri was born in San Sebastiano al Vesuvio, in the province of Naples, Italy. His father, Caesar, prince of Arianiello, intended him for a military career, which he commenced at the early age of seven, but soon abandoned for the study of the law. At the bar his knowledge and eloquence early secured his success, while his defence of a royal decree reforming abuses in the administration of justice gained him the favor of the king, Ferdinand IV of Naples, and his prime minister Bernardo Tanucci, and led to several honorable appointments at court. The first two books of his great work, La Scienza della legislazione, appeared in 1780. The first book contained an exposition of the rules on which legislation in general ought to proceed, while the second was devoted to economic questions. These two books showed him an ardent reformer, and vehement in denouncing the abuses of his time. He insisted on unlimited free trade, and the abolition of the mediaeval institutions which impeded production and national well-being. Its success was great and immediate not only in Italy, but throughout Europe at large. In 1783 he married, resigned his appointments at court, and retiring to Cava, devoted himself steadily to the completion of his work. In the same year appeared the third book, relating entirely to the principles of criminal jurisprudence. The suggestion which he made in it as to the need for reform in the Roman Catholic church brought upon him the censure of the ecclesiastical authorities, and it was condemned by the congregation of the Index in 1784. In 1785 he published three additional volumes, making the fourth book of the projected work, and dealing with education and morals. In 1787 he was appointed a member of the supreme treasury council by Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, but his health, impaired by close study and over-work in his new office, compelled his withdrawal to the country at Vico Equense. He died somewhat suddenly of tuberculosis on 21 July 1788, having just completed the first part of the fifth book of his Scienza. He left an outline of the remainder of the work, which was to have been completed in six books. La Scienza della legislazione has gone through many editions and translations. The best Italian edition is in 8 vols. 8vo. (1807). The Milan edition (1822) contains the Opusculi scelti and a life by Donato Tommasi. A French translation appeared in Paris in 7 vols. 8vo (1786–1798); it was republished in 1822-1824, with the addition of theOpuscies and notes by Benjamin Constant. According to the Gaetano Filangieri Philosophical Society, one of Filangieri's ardent admirers was Benjamin Franklin, and the two corresponded from 1780 until Filangieri's death in 1788. This object is part of Scan The World. Scan the World is a non-profit initiative introduced by MyMiniFactory, through which we are creating a digital archive of fully 3D printable sculptures, artworks and landmarks from across the globe for the public to access for free. Scan the World is an open source, community effort, if you have interesting items around you and would like to contribute, email [e-mail] to find out how you can help.Scanned : Photogrammetry (Processed using Agisoft PhotoScan)加埃塔诺·菲兰杰里（Gaetano Filangieri，1752年8月22日－1788年7月21日）是意大利法学家与哲学家。菲兰杰里出生于意大利那不勒斯省（Naples）的圣塞巴斯蒂亚诺-阿尔维苏威（San Sebastiano al Vesuvio）。其父为阿里亚涅洛亲王凯撒，原本计划让他投身军旅，他7岁便开启了军旅生涯，但很快便弃武转向法学研习。在律师执业过程中，他凭借深厚学识与出色口才早早崭露头角；而为一项旨在改革司法行政弊端的王室法令进行辩护的举动，更是赢得了那不勒斯国王费迪南多四世（Ferdinand IV of Naples）及其首相贝尔纳多·塔努奇（Bernardo Tanucci）的赏识，随后获任多项宫廷荣誉职位。 其巨著《立法科学》（La Scienza della legislazione）的前两卷于1780年付梓。第一卷阐释了通用立法应遵循的核心准则，第二卷则聚焦经济议题。这两卷作品尽显其热忱的改革者本色，他激烈抨击所处时代的种种积弊，主张推行全面自由贸易，并废除阻碍生产与国民福祉的中世纪旧制。该书不仅在意大利国内，更在整个欧洲范围内收获了立竿见影的巨大成功。 1783年，菲兰杰里成婚，随后辞去宫廷职务，隐居至卡瓦（Cava），潜心完成其著作。同年，第三卷问世，该卷专门探讨刑事法学（criminal jurisprudence）的基本原则。他在书中就罗马天主教会（Roman Catholic）改革提出的建议，招致了教会当局的谴责，并于1784年被禁书目录圣会（the Index）列为禁书。1785年，他又推出三卷补充内容，构成了这部计划中著作的第四卷，主题涵盖教育与道德伦理。 1787年，两西西里国王费迪南多一世（Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies）任命他为最高财政委员会委员，但长期伏案研究与新职位的过度操劳损害了他的健康，迫使他退居维科埃昆塞（Vico Equense）乡间静养。1788年7月21日，他因肺结核（tuberculosis）猝然离世，彼时刚完成《立法科学》（La Scienza della legislazione）第五卷的第一部分。他生前留下了整部著作的创作大纲，原计划全书共六卷。 《立法科学》（La Scienza della legislazione）迄今已刊印多个版本并被译成多国语言。最佳意大利语版本为1807年出版的8卷8开本。1822年的米兰版收录了《精选短篇集》（Opusculi scelti）以及多纳托·托马西（Donato Tommasi）所撰写的传记。法语译本于1786年至1798年间在巴黎以7卷8开本形式出版，1822年至1824年间再版时，新增了本杰明·贡斯当（Benjamin Constant）撰写的短篇集与注释。 据加埃塔诺·菲兰杰里哲学学会（Gaetano Filangieri Philosophical Society）称，本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）亦是菲兰杰里的狂热追随者之一，二人自1780年起直至1788年菲兰杰里离世始终保持通信。 本物品隶属于“扫描世界”（Scan The World）项目。“扫描世界”是MyMiniFactory推出的非营利性倡议，旨在打造全球可3D打印雕塑、艺术品与地标建筑的数字档案库，供公众免费获取。该项目为开源社区协作项目，若您身边有值得分享的物品，可发送邮件至[e-mail]了解参与贡献的方式。本次扫描采用摄影测量技术，扫描过程使用Agisoft PhotoScan软件处理。