Nearshore Currents in Lake Michigan at 63rd Street Beach (2016)

These data were collected as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) project template 678-1 entitled 'Evaluate immediate and long-term BMP effectiveness of GLRI restoration efforts at urban beaches on Southern and Western Lake Michigan'. This project is evaluating the effectiveness of projects that are closely associated with restoration of local habitat and contact recreational activities at two GLRI funded sites in Southern Lake Michigan and one non-GLRI site in Western Lake Michigan. Evaluation of GLRI projects will assess whether goals of recipients are on track and identify any developing unforeseen consequences. Including a third, non-GLRI project site in the evaluation allows comparison between restoration efforts in GLRI and non-GLRI funded projects. Projections and potential complications associated with climate change impacts on restoration resiliency are also being assessed. Two of the three sites to receive evaluation represent some of the most highly contaminated beaches in the United States and include restoration BMPs which could benefit urban beaches and nearshore areas throughout the Great Lakes. The urban beaches chosen for evaluation are at various stages of the restoration process and located in Indiana (Jeorse Park Beach), Illinois (63rd Street Beach), and Wisconsin (North Beach). Evaluation of effectiveness of restoration efforts and resiliency to climate change at urban beaches will provide vital information on the success of restoration efforts and identify potential pitfalls that will help maximize success of future GLRI beach and nearshore restoration projects. Data used for evaluation include continuous monitoring and synoptic mapping of nearshore currents, bathymetry, and water quality to examine nearshore transport under a variety of conditions. In addition, biological evaluations rely upon daily indicator bacteria monitoring, microbial community and shorebird surveys, recreational usage, and other ancillary water quality data. The pre- and post-restoration datasets comprised of these physical, chemical, biological, geological, and social data will allow restoration success to be evaluated using a science-based approach with quantifiable measures of progress. These data will also allow the evaluation of the resiliency of these restoration efforts under various climate change scenarios using existing climate change predictions and models. This data release is comprised of continuous measurements of nearshore currents in Lake Michigan at 63rd Street Beach at Jackson Park at Hyde Park, Illinois (USGS 04092440). Currents were measured and averaged over 10-minute intervals using a Teledyne RDI 600 kHz ChannelMaster acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) mounted to the north end of the breakwater wall and oriented 60 degrees from true North. The ADVM was configured with a 6-meter blanking distance, ten 8 meter measurement cells, and a total profiling distance of 86 meters from the face of the instrument. The average depth of the transducers below the water surface was approximately 2.7 meters and the physical coordinates of the instrument in the Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 16N WGS84 projection are 452834.7 meters East, 4626018.5 meters North. The instrument was deployed on May 19, 2016 and recovered on November 1, 2016.

本数据集采集自五大湖恢复倡议（Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, GLRI）项目模板678-1，项目全称为「评估密歇根湖南部与西部城市海滩GLRI修复工程的即时与长期最佳管理措施（Best Management Practices, BMP）成效」。本项目正对密歇根湖南部两处获得GLRI资助的修复场地，以及密歇根湖西部一处非GLRI资助场地的相关工程效果展开评估，此类工程与本地栖息地修复及接触类休闲活动紧密关联。针对GLRI项目的评估将核查项目承办方的既定目标是否按计划推进，并识别潜在的未预见后果。将第三处非GLRI资助的项目场地纳入评估范畴，可实现GLRI资助与非GLRI资助修复工程间的效果对比。此外，团队还将评估气候变化对修复工程韧性的影响相关的预测结果及潜在不良影响。三处评估场地中有两处属于美国污染最为严重的海滩之列，其采用的修复最佳管理措施可惠及五大湖全域的城市海滩及近岸区域。本次评估选取的城市海滩处于修复流程的不同阶段，分别位于印第安纳州（Jeorse Park Beach）、伊利诺伊州（63rd Street Beach）与威斯康星州（North Beach）。对城市海滩修复工程成效及气候变化韧性的评估，将为修复工程的成功与否提供关键依据，并识别潜在隐患，助力未来GLRI海滩及近岸修复项目最大化提升成功率。用于评估的数据涵盖近岸海流连续监测、同步测绘近岸流场、水深地形与水质状况，以分析多种环境条件下的近岸输运过程。此外，生物评估依托每日指示菌监测、微生物群落与滨鸟调查、休闲使用情况及其他辅助水质数据。由这些物理、化学、生物、地质及社会数据构成的修复前与修复后数据集，将可通过基于科学的方法、辅以可量化的进展指标，评估修复工程的实施成效。本数据集还可依托现有气候变化预测与模型，评估不同气候变化情景下修复工程的韧性水平。本次发布的数据为伊利诺伊州海德公园杰克逊公园63街海滩（USGS 04092440）处密歇根湖近岸海流的连续测量数据。研究人员采用安装在防波堤北端、与真北方向呈60°夹角的Teledyne RDI 600 kHz ChannelMaster声学多普勒流速仪（acoustic Doppler velocity meter, ADVM），每10分钟完成一次海流测量并取平均值。该ADVM设置了6米的盲区距离、10个8米量程的测量单元，仪器端面总探测距离达86米。换能器在水面下的平均安装深度约为2.7米，仪器的通用横轴墨卡托投影16N WGS84坐标系坐标为东向452834.7米、北向4626018.5米。该仪器于2016年5月19日布放，2016年11月1日回收。