Conditions on pronominal marking: Video P17- stand

This video is part of a set of 42 video stimuli designed to study to study variation in the
patterns of pronominal marking in the non-Austronesian languages of Alor and Pantar.
All of these languages share the typologically rare trait that they mark objects or
undergoers on the verbs, rather than subjects or actors (Siewierska 2011). However,
there is considerable within-group variation as to how this is done and also what the
relevant semantic parameters are which govern the indexation patterns. For instance,
Teiwa (Klamer 2010) aligns its arguments on a nominative-accusative basis indexing
the object of many (but not all) transitive verbs. The prime factor which determines
whether a verb indexes its object is animacy (Klamer and Kratochvíl 2006, Klamer
2010). Abui (Kratochvíl 2007, 2011), on the other hand, has a semantic alignment
system, in which the undergoer is marked on the verb. In intransitive clauses, more
undergoer-like arguments are indexed, e.g., ‘He is ill’, whereas more actor-like ones
are not, e.g., ‘He runs’. Animacy plays a role in the choice of prefix for undergoers
in Abui, but is not as important and pervasive as in Teiwa.

The stimulus set was created for the project 'Alor-Pantar languages: Origins and
theoretical impact', funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
through European Science Foundation-EuroBabel.

本视频属于一套共42个视觉刺激素材之一，该套素材用于研究阿洛（Alor）与潘塔尔（Pantar）地区非南岛语系语言中代词标记模式的差异。所有这类语言均具备类型学层面罕见的共性特征——在动词上标记宾语或受事（undergoer），而非主语或施事（actor）（Siewierska, 2011）。但不同语言在该标记的实现方式，以及支配索引模式的相关语义参数等方面，均存在显著的组内差异。例如，特伊瓦语（Teiwa, Klamer, 2010）以主格-宾格对齐的方式划分论元（argument），会为多数（而非全部）及物动词的宾语添加标记。决定动词是否为宾语添加标记的核心因素是生命性（animacy）（Klamer与Kratochvíl, 2006；Klamer, 2010）。而阿布伊语（Abui, Kratochvíl, 2007, 2011）则采用语义对齐系统，在动词上标记受事。在不及物小句中，更接近受事的论元会被标记，例如“他生病了”；而更接近施事的论元则不会被标记，例如“他奔跑”。生命性虽会影响阿布伊语中受事标记前缀的选择，但其重要性与覆盖范围均不及特伊瓦语。本套刺激素材由'Alor-Pantar languages: Origins and theoretical impact'项目研发，该项目获英国艺术与人文研究委员会（Arts and Humanities Research Council, AHRC）通过欧洲科学基金会-欧洲巴别塔计划（European Science Foundation-EuroBabel）资助。