Data_Sheet_1_Social Information Processing in Substance Use Disorders: Insights From an Emotional Go-Nogo Task.PDF

Positive social connections are crucial for recovery from Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Of interest is understanding potential social information processing (SIP) mediators of this effect. To explore whether persons with different SUD show idiosyncratic biases toward social signals, we administered an emotional go-nogo task (EGNG) to 31 individuals with Cocaine Use Disorder (CoUD), 31 with Cannabis Use Disorder (CaUD), 79 with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), and 58 controls. Participants were instructed to respond to emotional faces (Fear/Happy) but withhold responses to expressionless faces in two task blocks, with the reverse instruction in the other two blocks. Emotional faces as non-targets elicited more “false alarm” (FA) commission errors as a main effect. Groups did not differ in overall rates of hits (correct responses to target faces), but participants with CaUD and CoUD showed reduced rates of hits (relative to controls) when expressionless faces were targets. OUD participants had worse hit rates [and slower reaction times (RT)] when fearful faces (but not happy faces) were targets. CaUD participants were most affected by instruction effects (respond/“go” vs withhold response/“no-go” to emotional face) on discriminability statistic A. Participants were faster to respond to happy face targets than to expressionless faces. However, this pattern was reversed in fearful face blocks in OUD and CoUD participants. This experiment replicated previous findings of the greater salience of expressive face images, and extends this finding to SUD, where persons with CaUD may show even greater bias toward emotional faces. Conversely, OUD participants showed idiosyncratic behavior in response to fearful faces suggestive of increased attentional disruption by fear. These data suggest a mechanism by which positive social signals may contribute to recovery.

积极的社会联结对于物质使用障碍（Substance Use Disorder, SUD）的康复至关重要。本研究聚焦于探究该康复效应中潜在的社会信息加工（Social Information Processing, SIP）中介变量。为明确不同类型物质使用障碍患者是否对社会信号存在特异性偏向，我们向31名可卡因使用障碍（Cocaine Use Disorder, CoUD）患者、31名大麻使用障碍（Cannabis Use Disorder, CaUD）患者、79名阿片类物质使用障碍（Opioid Use Disorder, OUD）患者以及58名健康对照者施测了情感Go/NoGo任务（Emotional Go-Nogo Task, EGNG）。实验设置四个任务区块，其中两个区块要求被试对情绪面孔（恐惧/快乐面孔）做出反应、对无表情面孔抑制反应，剩余两个区块则采用相反的指导语规则。主效应分析显示，当情绪面孔作为非目标刺激时，会引发更多的虚报（false alarm）错误。各组被试的击中率（对目标面孔的正确反应率）整体无显著差异，但当无表情面孔为目标刺激时，CaUD与CoUD患者的击中率较健康对照显著降低；当恐惧面孔为目标刺激时，OUD患者的击中率[以及更长的反应时（reaction times, RT）]表现更差。在辨别力统计量A上，CaUD患者受指导语效应（对情绪面孔做出反应/“Go”，或抑制反应/“No-Go”）的影响最为显著。被试对快乐面孔目标的反应速度快于无表情面孔，但在OUD与CoUD患者的恐惧面孔任务区块中，这一反应模式出现反转。本实验重复了此前关于情绪面孔具有更高显著性的研究发现，并将该结论拓展至物质使用障碍群体：CaUD患者或许对情绪面孔存在更强的偏向；反之，OUD患者在面对恐惧面孔时表现出特异性行为，提示恐惧情绪会加剧其注意紊乱。上述数据揭示了积极社会信号可能促进康复的潜在机制。