Supporting data for "Morphometric analysis of Passiflora leaves: the relationship between landmarks of the vasculature and elliptical Fourier descriptors of the blade"

Leaf shape among Passiflora species is spectacularly diverse. Underlying this diversity in leaf shape are profound changes in the patterning of the primary vasculature and laminar outgrowth. Each of these aspects of leaf morphologyvasculature and bladeprovides different insights into leaf patterning.<br>
Here, we morphometrically analyze &gt;3,300 leaves from 40 different Passiflora species collected sequentially across the vine. Each leaf is measured in two different ways: using 1) 15 homologous Procrustes-adjusted landmarks of the vasculature, sinuses, and lobes and 2) Elliptical Fourier Descriptors (EFDs), which quantify the outline of the leaf. The ability of landmarks, EFDs, and both datasets together are compared to determine their relative ability to predict species and node position within the vine. Pairwise correlation of x and y landmark coordinates and EFD harmonic coefficients reveals close associations between traits and insights into the relationship between vasculature and blade patterning.<br>
Landmarks, more reflective of the vasculature, and EFDs, more reflective of the blade contour, describe both similar and distinct features of leaf morphology. Landmarks and EFDs vary in ability to predict species identity and node position in the vine and exhibit a correlational structure (both within landmark or EFD traits and between the two data types) revealing constraints between vascular and blade patterning underlying natural variation in leaf morphology among Passiflora species.

西番莲属（Passiflora）物种的叶形极为丰富多样。驱动这种叶形多样性的，是初生维管组织排布与叶片延伸生长模式的显著改变。叶片形态的这两个维度——维管组织与叶片本体——各自为叶片发育模式的解析提供了独特视角。
本研究通过形态计量学方法，对连续采集自单条藤本的40个西番莲属物种的逾3300片叶片展开分析。每片叶片采用两种方式进行量化测定：其一为针对维管组织、叶凹与叶裂片的15个经普氏叠印法校正的同源标记点；其二为量化叶片轮廓的椭圆傅里叶描述子（Elliptical Fourier Descriptors, EFDs）。我们对比了单独使用标记点数据、单独使用EFD数据，以及联合使用两种数据集时的预测效果，以明确不同数据集在预测物种归属与藤本上的节位时的相对性能。通过对标记点的x、y坐标与EFD谐波系数进行两两相关性分析，我们揭示了性状间的紧密关联，并为解析维管组织与叶片发育模式之间的关系提供了新认知。
标记点数据更侧重反映维管组织特征，而EFD数据则更擅长刻画叶片轮廓，二者均可描述叶片形态的相似特征与独特差异。标记点与EFD在预测物种身份与藤本节位的能力上存在差异，且二者（包括标记点或EFD性状内部，以及两种数据集之间）均呈现出相关性结构，该结构揭示了西番莲属物种间叶片形态自然变异背后，维管组织与叶片发育模式之间的约束关系。