Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: diagnosis, management and current advances

Abstract Introduction: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a multifocal and progressive lesion of the oral mucosa, with unknown etiology, and commonly resistant to all therapy attempts with frequent recurrences. It is characterized by a high rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma and verrucou carcinoma transformations. Objective: To analyze the studies about Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and develop a concise update. Methods: A Pubmed search identifying studies (laboratory research, case series and reviews of literature) that examined patients with Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia was realized. Results: There are not enough studies about Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia in the literature. The few found studies not present a consensus about its etiology and diagnosis criteria. Although several treatment strategies have been proposed, most of them still show a high recurrence rate. Conclusion: More research about Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is necessary to understand and treat this disease.

【摘要】
引言：增殖性疣状白斑（Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia）是一类多灶性、进展性的口腔黏膜病变，病因尚未明确，通常对各类治疗手段均耐药，且复发频率较高。该病变具有较高的口腔鳞状细胞癌（oral squamous cell carcinoma）与疣状癌（verrucous carcinoma）恶变风险。
研究目的：分析增殖性疣状白斑的相关研究，并撰写一篇简明的最新综述。
研究方法：通过PubMed数据库检索针对增殖性疣状白斑患者的相关研究，纳入研究类型包括实验室研究、病例系列及文献综述。
研究结果：现有文献中关于增殖性疣状白斑的研究数量有限，已有的少量研究未就其病因及诊断标准达成共识。尽管已提出多种治疗策略，但多数方案仍存在较高的复发率。
研究结论：亟需开展更多针对增殖性疣状白斑的研究，以加深对该疾病的认识并优化其治疗方案。