EFFECT OF Saurauia vulcani (Korth.) LEAVES EXTRACT IN WISTAR STRAIN Rattus norvegicus INDUCED Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028

Background. Indonesia is still experiencing endemic cases of typhoid fever. So we need a compound that can affect the immune system to fight infection. Pirdot, which is the local name for Saurauia vulcani, Korth., is widely used by the people of Simalungun and its surroundings. Pirdot leaves have the potential to be developed into raw materials for standardized herbal medicines because they contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids which can act as immunostimulants. Objective. Evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of Saurauia vulcani, Korth. leaves on the morphometric and histological spleen of rats induced with Salmonella typhimurium. Method. This study used a true experimental with a posttest-only control group design on rat spleens. This study consisted of a normal control group that received no treatment, a negative control group that was injected with Salmonella typhimurium, a positive control group that was injected with Salmonella typhimurium intraperitoneal and imboost orally, and a treatment group that was injected with Salmonella typhimurium and Saurauia vulcani (Korth.) 500 mg/kg BW leaf extract. The rats were then terminated and their spleens were collected for observation of spleen morphology and histology. Results. The mean body weight and spleen volume of rats in the treatment group (2.7138 ± 0.77 g; 2.6500 ± 0.79 mm3) was smaller than the positive control group (2.7450 ± 0.99 g; 2.6750 ± 0.99 mm3) but not statistically significantly different (p-value > 0.05). Histologically, the control normal, control positive, and treatment groups had an identifiable white pulp structure in contrast to the negative group which had massive and unidentifiable tissue damage. Conclusion. The ethanol extract of Saurauia vulcani K. leaves at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW reduces the spleen weight and volume although not statistically significant but has shown good spleen histology in rats induced by Salmonella typhimurium.研究背景：印度尼西亚目前仍存在伤寒地方性流行病例，亟需可作用于免疫系统以对抗感染的活性化合物。Pirdot是火山悬钩子藤（Saurauia vulcani, Korth.）的当地俗称，锡马隆昆（Simalungun）及其周边地区民众广泛使用该植物。其叶片含有黄酮类等次生代谢产物，可发挥免疫刺激活性，因此具备开发为标准化草药原料的潜力。 研究目的：评估火山悬钩子藤（Saurauia vulcani, Korth.）叶片乙醇提取物对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（Salmonella typhimurium）感染大鼠脾脏的形态计量学与组织病理学影响。 研究方法：本研究采用仅后测对照设计的真实验方案，以大鼠脾脏为研究对象。实验共设置四组：正常对照组（不予任何处理）、阴性对照组（仅注射鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）、阳性对照组（腹腔注射鼠伤寒沙门氏菌并口服Imboost）、治疗组（腹腔注射鼠伤寒沙门氏菌并给予500 mg/kg体重的火山悬钩子藤叶片乙醇提取物）。后将大鼠实施安乐死，采集脾脏以观察其形态计量学与组织病理学特征。 研究结果：治疗组大鼠的平均体重及脾脏体积分别为(2.7138 ± 0.77)g、(2.6500 ± 0.79)mm³，均低于阳性对照组的(2.7450 ± 0.99)g、(2.6750 ± 0.99)mm³，但组间差异无统计学意义（p值>0.05）。组织病理学观察显示，正常对照组、阳性对照组及治疗组大鼠脾脏均可辨认出白髓结构，而阴性对照组则出现大面积组织损伤且结构难以辨识。 研究结论：以500 mg/kg体重剂量给予鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染大鼠火山悬钩子藤叶片乙醇提取物，虽可降低脾脏重量与体积，但差异无统计学意义；不过该提取物可使感染大鼠脾脏组织病理学状态得到显著改善。