Data Sheet 1_Impact of anti-inflammatory diets on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

IntroductionChronic inflammation, via multiple pathways, influences blood pressure and lipid profiles, serving as a significant risk factor for the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Anti-inflammatory dietary patterns may ameliorate CVD risk factors through the modulation of inflammatory mediators and metabolic factors, potentially leading to improved cardiovascular outcomes. Current findings regarding the relationship between dietary habits and CVD risk factors, such as blood pressure and lipid levels, exhibit considerable variability. We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the possible association between anti-inflammatory dietary patterns (such as the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, Nordic diet, Ketogenic diet, and Vegetarian diet) and CVD risk factors.
MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search across five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Ultimately, we identified 18 eligible randomized controlled trials (including randomized crossover trials), which were subjected to meta-analysis utilizing RevMan 5 and Stata 18.
ResultsA comprehensive meta-analysis of these studies conducted based on random effects model indicated that, in comparison to an Omnivorous diet, interventions centered on anti-inflammatory diets were linked to significant reductions in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (MD: −3.99, 95% CI: −6.01 to −1.97; p = 0.0001), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (MD: −1.81, 95% CI: −2.73 to −0.88; p = 0.0001), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.39 to −0.07; p = 0.004), Total Cholesterol (TC) (SMD: −0.31, 95% CI: −0.43 to −0.18; p < 0.00001) and High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP) (SMD: −0.16, 95% CI: −0.31 to −0.00; p = 0.04). No notable correlations were identified between High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and Triglycerides (TG).
DiscussionThe findings indicate that anti-inflammatory diets may lower serum hs-CRP levels and positively influence the reduction of CVD risk factors, such as blood pressure and lipid profiles, thereby contributing to the prevention and progression of cardiovascular conditions. Most of the outcome indicators had low heterogeneity; sensitivity analyses were subsequently conducted on outcome measures demonstrating substantial heterogeneity, revealing that the findings remained consistent.

引言：慢性炎症可通过多种通路影响血压与血脂谱，是心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease, CVD）发生的重要危险因素。抗炎饮食模式可通过调节炎症介质与代谢因子改善心血管疾病危险因素，或可改善心血管预后。当前关于饮食习惯与血压、血脂等心血管疾病危险因素间关联的研究结论存在较大异质性。本研究开展了一项全面的系统评价与荟萃分析，旨在探讨抗炎饮食模式（如地中海饮食、DASH饮食、北欧饮食、生酮饮食及素食饮食）与心血管疾病危险因素间的潜在关联。
方法：本研究对PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase及中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI）五个数据库进行了全面检索。最终纳入18项符合标准的随机对照试验（包括随机交叉试验），采用RevMan 5及Stata 18软件进行荟萃分析。
结果：基于随机效应模型开展的荟萃分析结果显示，与杂食饮食相比，以抗炎饮食为核心的干预措施可显著降低收缩压（Systolic Blood Pressure, SBP）（均数差MD：-3.99，95%置信区间CI：-6.01~-1.97；p=0.0001）、舒张压（Diastolic Blood Pressure, DBP）（MD：-1.81，95%CI：-2.73~-0.88；p=0.0001）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C）（标准化均数差SMD：-0.23，95%CI：-0.39~-0.07；p=0.004）、总胆固醇（Total Cholesterol, TC）（SMD：-0.31，95%CI：-0.43~-0.18；p<0.00001）及高敏C反应蛋白（High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein, hs-CRP）（SMD：-0.16，95%CI：-0.31~-0.00；p=0.04）。未发现高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL-C）与甘油三酯（Triglycerides, TG）存在显著关联。
讨论：本研究结果表明，抗炎饮食可降低血清高敏C反应蛋白水平，并对改善血压、血脂等心血管疾病危险因素产生积极影响，从而有助于心血管疾病的预防与病情进展控制。大部分结局指标的异质性较低；针对异质性较高的结局指标开展的敏感性分析显示，研究结果保持稳健。