Exosomes Derived from Panax notoginseng Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of rBMSCs via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

The study systematically investigated the promoting effect of exosomes derived from Panax notoginseng on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. High-purity exosomes were extracted through differential centrifugation and their uptake capability was validated. The experiments showed that exosomes significantly enhanced ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, and the expression of osteogenic markers. Transcriptomic analysis identified the PI3K/AKT pathway as the core mechanism, and inhibitor experiments further confirmed its critical role. This provides a theoretical basis for the application of plant-derived exosomes in the treatment of osteoporosis.

本研究系统探究了三七（Panax notoginseng）来源外泌体（exosomes）对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells）成骨分化的促进作用。研究团队通过差速离心法提取获得高纯度外泌体，并验证了其细胞摄取能力。实验结果表明，外泌体可显著提升碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）活性、矿化结节形成能力以及成骨标志物的表达水平。转录组学分析鉴定出磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3K/AKT）通路为核心作用机制，抑制剂实验进一步证实了该通路的关键调控作用。本研究为植物来源外泌体在骨质疏松症治疗中的应用提供了理论依据。