PER3 VNTR variant and susceptibility to smoking status/substance use disorder in a Turkish population

Abstract Background Substance use and smoking exert devastating impact on sleep, especially hindering the ease of falling asleep, compromising the sleep maintenance, and distorting the sleep cycles. PERIOD genes are believed to play a role in individual differences in sleep timing by influencing circadian. Objective The aim of this study was to ascertain whether Per3 VNTR variant affects suspectibility of individuals to substance use disorder (SUD) and smoking status in a Turkish population. Methods A total of 549 subjects, including 212 SUD patients, 160 smoker, and 177 healthy controls, matched by ethnicity, age, and gender, were recruited in a case-control study. Genotyping of Per3 variant was performed using PCR method. Results When the SUD, smoker groups and controls were compared in terms of 5R/5R, 5R/4R, 4R/4R genotypes, no significant difference was observed. Besides, allele frequencies of Per3 VNTR were similar among the groups. Discussion Our data indicate that Per3 VNTR variant is not associated with the risk of SUD and smoking status in our population.

## 摘要
### 背景
物质使用与吸烟对睡眠造成毁灭性影响，尤其会阻碍入睡过程、损害睡眠维持能力，并扰乱睡眠周期。现有研究认为，PERIOD基因（PERIOD genes）可通过影响昼夜节律（circadian），在睡眠时序的个体差异中发挥作用。
### 研究目的
本研究旨在明确，在土耳其人群中，Per3可变数目串联重复序列（Per3 VNTR）变异是否会影响个体罹患物质使用障碍（Substance Use Disorder, SUD）以及吸烟状态的易感性。
### 方法
本研究为病例对照研究，共招募549名受试者，其中包括212名SUD患者、160名吸烟者及177名健康对照者，所有受试者在种族、年龄与性别层面均匹配。采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）方法完成Per3变异位点的基因分型。
### 结果
对比SUD组、吸烟者组与健康对照组的5R/5R、5R/4R、4R/4R基因型分布，未观察到显著统计学差异。此外，各组间Per3 VNTR的等位基因频率亦无显著差异。
### 讨论
本研究数据表明，在本次研究的土耳其人群中，Per3 VNTR变异与SUD患病风险及吸烟状态无显著关联。