Water quality improvements, equivalent annual costs per kg of harvested shrimp, spatial requirements, and ecosystem services associated with every treatment option across each production scenario.

Water quality criteria are expressed as a percentage decrease from initial condition. Equivalent annual costs assess the discounted NPV over the lifespan of each treatment per kg of harvested biomass. Spatial criteria are expressed as the area in m2 necessary to treat 1 ha of production pond, where 1 ha = 10,000m2. Select ecosystem services are presented with service value (full assessment in Table C in S1 Text). Threshold target values, shaded green, are removal rates of at least 40%TN, 40%TP, and 70%TSS, EAC less than $0.18 kg-1, spatial requirement less than 10,000m2 (1ha), and at least ‘Medium’ ecosystem service provision. Values below targets are orange and cross-hatched cells indicate ‘not applicable’.