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Background Increasing evidence have elucidated that PBX3 played a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression. PBX3 was differentially expressed in many cancer types. However, PBX3 potential involvement in gliomas remains to be explored. Methods The expression level of PBX3 in glioma tissues and glioma cells, and its correlation with clinical features were analyzed by data from TCGA, GEPIA, CGGA and CCLE. Univariable survival and Multivariate Cox analysis was used to compare several clinical characteristics with survival. We also analyzed the correlation between PBX3 expression level and survival outcome and survival time of LGG and GBM patients by using linear regression equation. GSEA was used to generate an ordered list of all genes related to PBX3 expression and screening of genes co-expressed with PBX3 mRNA by "limma" package. Results The results showed that PBX3 was highly expressed in gliomas and its expression increased with the increase of malignancy. Survival analysis found that PBX3 is more valuable in predicting the OS and PFI of LGG patients than that of GBM. For further study, TCGA and CGGA data were downloaded for univariate Cox analysis and multivariate Cox analysis which showed that the expression of PBX3 was independent influencing factors for poor prognosis of LGG patients. Meanwhile, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that PBX3 was a predictor of overall survival rate and progression-free survival rate of LGG. Linear regression model analysis indicated that the higher expression of PBX3 the higher the risk of death of LGG patients, and the higher expression of PBX3 the higher the risk of disease progression of LGG patients. Next, TCGA data were downloaded for GSEA and Co-expression analyses, which was performed to study the function of PBX3. Conclusion PBX3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of glioma, and has potential reference value for the early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of glioma.背景 越来越多的研究证据表明，前B细胞白血病同源盒3（PBX3）在癌症的发生与进展中发挥关键作用。PBX3在多种癌症类型中存在差异表达，但其在胶质瘤中的潜在作用仍有待探索。 方法 本研究通过癌症基因组图谱（TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas）、基因表达谱交互分析平台（GEPIA, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis）、中国胶质瘤基因组图谱（CGGA, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas）及癌症细胞系百科全书（CCLE, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia）的数据，分析了PBX3在胶质瘤组织与胶质瘤细胞中的表达水平，及其与临床特征的相关性。采用单变量生存分析与多变量Cox分析，比较多项临床特征与患者生存结局的关联。本研究还通过线性回归方程，分析了低级别胶质瘤（LGG, Low-grade Glioma）与胶质母细胞瘤（GBM, Glioblastoma）患者的PBX3表达水平与生存结局及生存时间的相关性。利用基因集富集分析（GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis）生成与PBX3表达相关的所有基因的排序列表，并通过"limma"包筛选与PBX3 mRNA共表达的基因。 结果 研究结果显示，PBX3在胶质瘤中呈高表达，且其表达水平随恶性程度升高而上升。生存分析表明，相较于胶质母细胞瘤患者，PBX3对低级别胶质瘤患者的总生存期（OS, Overall Survival）与无进展间期（PFI, Progression-Free Interval）的预测价值更高。为进一步开展研究，我们下载了TCGA与CGGA数据集进行单变量Cox分析及多变量Cox分析，结果显示PBX3的表达是低级别胶质瘤患者不良预后的独立影响因素。同时，受试者工作特征（ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristic）曲线分析表明，PBX3可作为低级别胶质瘤患者总生存率与无进展生存率的预测指标。线性回归模型分析显示，PBX3表达水平越高，低级别胶质瘤患者的死亡风险与疾病进展风险均越高。随后，我们下载TCGA数据集进行基因集富集分析与共表达分析，以探究PBX3的生物学功能。 结论 PBX3可能参与胶质瘤的发生与发展过程，对胶质瘤的早期诊断及预后预测具有潜在参考价值。