Die Zwischenebene der Fachkommunikation. Wissenstransfer in Lehrtexten der Neurologie

This paper focuses a genre belonging to a complex level of LSP communication which can be defined as "intermediate", i.e. the academic textbook. This level plays a central role in granting the continuity of specialised scientific knowledge, as the fundamental requirement for the survival of each scientific field lies in the possibility of recruiting new members through formal (academic) education. Since this latter largely makes use of (and often depends on) this genre, a description of its linguistic features, internal structure, and the way it presents scientific knowledge should necessarily fall within the research trends in LSP communication. The aims of this paper are therefore twofold: 1. to determine the levels of analysis required for the description of this genre and to describe the characteristics of the (neurological) textbook according to those levels, and 2. to interpret such features and thereby investigate whether they may be classified exclusively as didactic or whether other categories are necessary to interpret them. The assumption arising from the analysis is that only some functional aspects can be regarded as didactic while others can only be interpreted as serving the (socially determined) function that this text fulfils in its context of use. The analysis also offers insight into of the differences existing among the various types of textbooks. These can in fact be connected to the way the two functional features of the texts are balanced depending on the specific needs of the addressees.

本研究聚焦于一类被界定为“中级”的专门用途语言（LSP, Language for Specific Purposes）交际复杂层级体裁——学术教科书。该层级在保障专业科学知识的延续性中发挥核心作用，因为每一个科学领域得以存续的根本前提，均在于通过正规（学术）教育招募新成员的可能性。而正规学术教育在很大程度上依托并依赖此类体裁，因此对其语言特征、内部结构以及科学知识呈现方式的描述，理应纳入专门用途语言交际的研究范畴。本研究的目标兼具双重性：其一，明确描述该体裁所需的分析层级，并依据这些层级刻画神经科学类教科书的特征；其二，对上述特征进行阐释，进而探究这些特征是否仅可归类为教学属性，抑或需要引入其他范畴方能完成解读。分析得出的核心假定为：仅部分功能维度可被视为教学属性，其余功能则仅能被解读为服务于该文本在其使用语境中所承担的、由社会语境所决定的社会功能。本分析还揭示了不同类型教科书之间的差异。事实上，这些差异可归因于文本的两类功能特征如何根据受众的特定需求进行权衡与平衡。