Animal grouping and treatment.

ObjectiveTo identify the most effective fraction of Nanocnide lobata in the treatment of burn and scald injuries and determine its bioactive constituents.MethodsChemical identification methods were used to analyze solutions extracted from Nanocnide lobata using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol using a variety of color reactions. The chemical constituents of the extracts were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)–mass spectrometry (MS). A total of 60 female mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups: the petroleum ether extract-treated group; the ethyl acetate extract-treated group; the n-butanol extract-treated group; the model group; the control group; and the positive drug group. The burn/scald model was established using Stevenson’s method. At 24 hours after modeling, 0.1 g of the corresponding ointment was evenly applied to the wound in each group. Mice in the model group did not undergo treatment, while those in the control group received 0.1 g of Vaseline. Wound characteristics, including color, secretions, hardness, and swelling, were observed and recorded. Photos were taken and the wound area calculated on the 1st, 5th, 8th, 12th, 15th, 18th and 21st days. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was utilized to observe the wound tissue of mice on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to measure the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.ResultsThe chemical constituents of Nanocnide lobata mainly include volatile oils, coumarins, and lactones. UPLC–MS analysis revealed 39 main compounds in the Nanocnide lobata extract. Among them, ferulic acid, kaempferitrin, caffeic acid, and salicylic acid have been confirmed to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity related to the treatment of burns and scalds. HE staining revealed a gradual decrease in the number of inflammatory cells and healing of the wounds with increasing time after Nanocnide lobata extract administration. Compared with the model group, the petroleum ether extract-treated group showed significant differences in the levels of TNF-α (161.67±4.93, 106.33±3.21, 77.67±4.04 pg/mL) and IL-10 (291.77±4.93, 185.09±9.54, 141.33±1.53 pg/mL) on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days; a significant difference in the content of TGF-β1 (75.68±3.06 pg/mL) on the 21st day; and a significant difference in the level of VEGF (266.67±4.73, 311.33±10.50 pg/mL) on the 7th and 14th days respectively.ConclusionPetroleum ether Nanocnide lobata extract and the volatile oil compounds of Nanocnide lobata might be effective drugs in the treatment of burn and scald injuries, as they exhibited a protective effect on burns and scalds by reducing the expression of TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 and increasing the expression of VEGF. In addition, these compounds may also exert pharmacological effects that promote wound tissue repair, accelerate wound healing, and reduce scar tissue proliferation, inflammation and pain.

目的 明确裂叶荨麻（Nanocnide lobata）提取物中最具疗效的组分，并确定其活性生物成分。
方法 采用多种显色反应，对石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取得到的裂叶荨麻提取物溶液进行化学鉴别；通过超高效液相色谱-质谱（UPLC-MS）技术鉴定提取物的化学成分。将60只雌性小鼠随机分为6组：石油醚提取物给药组、乙酸乙酯提取物给药组、正丁醇提取物给药组、模型组、空白对照组及阳性药物组。采用Stevenson法构建烧烫伤模型。造模24小时后，各组小鼠创面均匀涂抹0.1g对应药膏；模型组不予处理，空白对照组涂抹0.1g凡士林。分别于造模后第1、5、8、12、15、18、21天观察并记录创面色泽、分泌物、硬度及肿胀程度等特征，拍摄创面照片并计算创面面积。于第7、14、21天采用苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察小鼠创面组织。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒检测肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）的表达水平。
结果 裂叶荨麻提取物的化学成分主要包括挥发油、香豆素类及内酯类物质。UPLC-MS分析共鉴定出裂叶荨麻提取物中的39种主要成分，其中阿魏酸、山奈苷、咖啡酸及水杨酸已被证实具有与烧烫伤治疗相关的抗炎及抗氧化活性。HE染色结果显示，随着裂叶荨麻提取物给药时间延长，创面炎症细胞数量逐渐减少，创面逐步愈合。与模型组相比，石油醚提取物给药组在第7、14、21天的TNF-α水平（分别为161.67±4.93、106.33±3.21、77.67±4.04 pg/mL）及IL-10水平（分别为291.77±4.93、185.09±9.54、141.33±1.53 pg/mL）均存在显著差异；在第21天的TGF-β1含量（75.68±3.06 pg/mL）存在显著差异；在第7、14天的VEGF水平（分别为266.67±4.73、311.33±10.50 pg/mL）分别存在显著差异。
结论 裂叶荨麻石油醚提取物及其挥发油类成分可能是治疗烧烫伤的有效药物，其可通过下调TNF-α、IL-10及TGF-β1的表达、上调VEGF的表达对烧烫伤发挥保护作用。此外，此类成分还可通过促进创面组织修复、加速创面愈合、减少瘢痕组织增生、缓解炎症与疼痛发挥药理功效。