Soil Compaction Due to Wood Harvesting Traffic at Different Extraction Distances

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect on Oxisol soil compaction of traffic by wood harvesting machines from different extraction distances carried out by a logging company located in Paraná State. The harvesting system was composed of a feller buncher, skidder and harvester, in which soil compaction was evaluated at four extraction distances and four depths by means of density, porosity and soil penetration resistance. Increased machine traffic resulted in the highest compaction in the soil surface layers on the extraction trail, with the highest intensity in the region near the edge of the stand and with values above the critical density limits. Soil penetration resistance was critical in the row of traffic over the stand with significant effects at a of 0.11 to 0.60 m, which is the recommended depth for soil preparation.摘要 本研究针对巴西巴拉那州某伐木公司开展的不同集材距离下木材收获机械通行对氧化土（Oxisol）土壤压实的影响进行了评估。本次采用的收获系统由伐木归堆机（feller buncher）、集材拖拉机（skidder）和采伐机（harvester）组成，研究通过密度、孔隙度及土壤穿透阻力三项指标，在4个集材距离与4个土壤深度下对土壤压实状况进行了评价。机械通行频次提升会使集材道表层土壤的压实程度达到最高，且在林分边缘附近区域的压实强度最大，相关数值超出了临界密度限值。土壤穿透阻力在林内通行带内处于临界水平，在0.11至0.60米深度范围内影响显著，而该深度正是土壤整地的推荐作业深度。