Participant demographics and characteristics.

Objectives
We assessed the acceptability of four recruitment strategies and explored facilitators and barriers to research engagement among women who use opioids.
Methods
We recruited self-identified women reporting past 14-day non-prescribed opioid use using four recruitment approaches: community outreach in collaboration with community-partners; snowball sampling; social media campaigns; and passive recruitment through distribution of print materials at community programs. We collected participant demographics, type of recruitment, and substance use via an interview-administered survey. Qualitative interviews explored women’s research experiences, and facilitators and barriers to research engagement. Analysis employed a combination of inductive and deductive approaches to identify themes relevant to women’s engagement in research.
Results
Of 36 enrolled participants, median age was 49 years, 16% were Black, 58% were white, 14% were Hispanic, and 58% had their own house or apartment. We recruited 12 women through community outreach, two through snowball sampling, three through social media, and 19 through print materials. Interviews identified four themes: (1) highest trust when recruited through community organizations and lowest trust when recruited through social media; (2) desire to improve the lives of other women who use drugs drove motivation to participate in research, (3) preference for monetary compensation, which increased the likelihood of in research participation; and (4) women participated when research environments were supportive and destigmatized.
Conclusion
To recruit women who use drugs, researchers should collaborate with trusted community organizations, promote the benefits of research to other women, monetarily and fairly compensate participants, and foster supportive destigmatized environments.

研究目标
本研究评估了四种招募策略的接受度，并探索了阿片类药物使用女性群体参与研究的促进因素与阻碍因素。

研究方法
本研究通过四种招募方式，招募了自我报告过去14天内存在非处方阿片类药物使用行为的自我认同女性：与社区伙伴合作开展社区外展、滚雪球抽样（snowball sampling）、社交媒体推广活动，以及通过在社区项目中分发印刷材料开展被动招募。本研究通过访谈式问卷收集了参与者的人口统计学信息、招募类型及物质使用情况；通过质性访谈探究了女性的研究参与体验，以及研究参与的促进与阻碍因素。分析采用归纳与演绎结合的方法，识别与女性研究参与相关的主题。

研究结果
在36名入组参与者中，年龄中位数为49岁；其中16%为黑人，58%为白人，14%为西班牙裔，58%拥有自有住房或公寓。本研究通过社区外展招募了12名女性，通过滚雪球抽样招募了2名，通过社交媒体招募了3名，通过印刷材料招募了19名。访谈共识别出四大主题：(1) 通过社区组织招募时信任度最高，通过社交媒体招募时信任度最低；(2) 希望改善其他吸毒女性的生活是参与研究的核心动机；(3) 偏好现金补偿，这会提升研究参与意愿；(4) 当研究环境具有支持性且无污名化时，女性才会参与研究。

研究结论
针对阿片类药物使用女性的招募工作，研究者应与可信的社区组织开展合作，向其他女性宣传研究的益处，为参与者提供公平的现金补偿，并营造具有支持性且无污名化的研究环境。