Table 1_Overcoming barriers and uncertainties to investing in forested watershed restoration in California.docx

IntroductionLarge-scale investments in restoring California’s forested watersheds are imperative for conserving biodiversity, enhancing water quality, and mitigating the future impacts of climate change. This study explores the underlying incentives, major challenges, and potential strategies associated with such investments.
MethodsAn online survey was administered to 43 experts in the field to gather their insights on forest watershed restoration investments. The collected responses were then analyzed using a combination of confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis to elucidate patterns and relationships.
ResultsThe analysis revealed that key environmental outcomes, such as reducing wildfire risks and protecting water supplies, are the principal motivators driving investment. At the same time, significant barriers emerged, including high costs, limited workforce capacity, and insufficient trust among stakeholders. The study also identified a series of effective strategies to overcome these obstacles, such as repositioning forest restoration as an infrastructure investment and clearly demonstrating its ecological, social, and economic benefits.
DiscussionOverall, the findings underscore the need for more flexible funding frameworks, enhanced stakeholder engagement, and improved data infrastructures. By addressing these elements, policymakers and practitioners can pave the way for more resilient and sustainable forested-watershed ecosystems in California.

一、引言
大规模投资加州森林流域修复工作，对于保护生物多样性、改善水质以及减缓气候变化带来的未来影响至关重要。本研究探讨了此类投资背后的驱动动机、主要挑战与潜在应对策略。
二、研究方法
本研究面向该领域的43名专家开展线上问卷调查，以收集其对森林流域修复投资的见解。随后结合验证性因子分析（confirmatory factor analysis）与回归分析（regression analysis）对回收的问卷数据进行分析，以阐明相关模式与内在关联。
三、研究结果
分析结果显示，降低野火风险、保障供水等核心环境效益是推动投资的主要动因。与此同时，研究也识别出若干显著阻碍因素，包括高额成本、劳动力能力不足以及利益相关方之间信任缺失。此外，本研究还提出了一系列可破解上述障碍的有效策略，例如将森林修复重新定位为基础设施投资，并清晰展示其生态、社会与经济价值。
四、讨论
综合来看，本研究结果凸显了构建更灵活的资金框架、加强利益相关方参与以及完善数据基础设施的必要性。通过完善上述环节，政策制定者与从业者可为加州打造更具韧性与可持续性的森林流域生态系统铺平道路。