Data for paper: Predictive but not emotional value of Pavlovian stimuli leads to Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer

Data for Stephens Jeffs, Theodora Duka, <em>Predictive but not emotional value of Pavlovian stimuli leads to pavlovian-to-instrumental transfe</em>r, Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 321, 2017 Abstract Reward-predictive stimuli augment instrumental reward-seeking in humans, an effect denoted Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), but the role of differential reward value of these stimuli and of emotional conditioned responses in PIT remains unknown. <br> Fifty one participants experienced a Pavlovian phase that associated two stimuli with either 10p (CS10) or 50p (CS50). Next, participants underwent instrumental training for two responses reinforced with either 10p or 50p. Finally, the transfer phase continued as had instrumental training, now in the presence of the Pavlovian stimuli. <br> Participants were dichotomised as aware/unaware according to their expectancy awareness of the CS → outcome associations. Only aware participants demonstrated PIT (increased choice and number of responses on the 10p and 50p response key in the presence of CS10 and CS50 respectively), yet both aware and unaware groups rated the 50p stimulus as more pleasant than the 10p stimulus. <br> These findings suggest that expectancy of reward is necessary for PIT; however, emotional conditioned responses appear not sufficient to influence PIT. Future research should attempt to manipulate emotional conditioned responses in a PIT context, to test the sufficiency of reward expectancy in PIT.

本数据集源自Stephens Jeffs与Theodora Duka的研究，相关论文题为《巴甫洛夫刺激的预测价值而非情感价值可引发巴甫洛夫-工具性迁移》，发表于《行为脑研究（Behavioural Brain Research）》2017年第321卷。以下为该论文的摘要：
奖励预测性刺激会增强人类的工具性奖励寻求行为，该效应被称为巴甫洛夫-工具性迁移（Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer, PIT），但此类刺激的差异化奖励价值以及情感性条件反应在PIT中的作用仍未明确。
51名参与者完成了巴甫洛夫阶段实验：将两种条件刺激（Conditioned Stimulus, CS）分别与10便士（CS10）、50便士（CS50）建立联结。随后，参与者接受工具性训练，两种反应分别通过10便士或50便士奖励进行强化。最后为迁移阶段，实验流程与工具性训练一致，但会同步呈现巴甫洛夫刺激。
根据参与者对条件刺激（CS）→结果联结的预期知晓情况，将其分为意识组与无意识组。仅意识组表现出PIT效应：在CS10与CS50分别存在时，对应10便士、50便士奖励的反应按键的选择次数与按键数量均有所增加；但意识组与无意识组均对50便士刺激的愉悦度评分高于10便士刺激。
上述研究结果表明，奖励预期是PIT效应产生的必要条件；然而情感性条件反应似乎不足以影响PIT效应。未来研究可尝试在PIT情境中操纵情感性条件反应，以验证奖励预期在PIT中的充分性。