Statistical table of base information.

Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis is an important afforestation hybrid clone that supports wood safety in China. To explore the mechanism of callus formation and differentiation of different types of E. urophylla × E. grandis, we cultivated four different types of E. urophylla × E. grandis calli, measured their enzyme activities and endogenous hormones, and sequenced them at the transcriptome level. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the clustering of differentially expressed genes. Compared with the green calli, 2203, 2485, and 2078 differentially expressed genes were identified in the red, white, and yellow calli, respectively. Differentially expressed genes were involved in metabolic processes, biological regulation, signal transduction, stimulus response, catalytic activity, and binding, such as GRFs gene. Combined with the changes in physiological indices and transcription levels, we revealed the regulatory characteristics of substance storage and antioxidant capacity in the process of callus differentiation of E. urophylla × E. grandis, which contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of plant cell growth and differentiation.尾叶桉（Eucalyptus urophylla）×巨桉（Eucalyptus grandis）是支撑我国木材安全的重要造林杂交无性系。为解析尾叶桉×巨桉不同类型愈伤组织的形成与分化机制，本研究培育了4种该杂交组合的不同愈伤组织，测定其酶活性与内源激素水平，并开展了转录组测序。转录组分析结果显示，差异表达基因的聚类模式存在显著差异。与绿色愈伤组织相比，红色、白色及黄色愈伤组织中分别鉴定得到2203、2485和2078个差异表达基因。差异表达基因富集于代谢过程、生物调控、信号转导、应激响应、催化活性及结合功能等功能类别，例如生长调控因子（GRFs）基因。结合生理指标与转录水平的变化特征，本研究揭示了尾叶桉×巨桉愈伤组织分化过程中物质储存与抗氧化能力的调控规律，为深入理解植物细胞生长与分化的内在机制提供了重要参考。