Experimental results of TLBO, ATLBO, WTLBO, TLBO_GC, ITLBO and HSTLBO over 20 independent runs on 20 test functions of 1000 variables with 5E+6 FEs.

“Prec” and “Std Dev” denote the precision and standard deviation of the function error values in 20 runs, respectively. Time(s) is the mean run time over 20 independent runs on 5000000 FEs.

其中Prec（Precision，精度）与Std Dev（Standard Deviation，标准差）分别代表20次运行中函数误差值的精度与标准差。Time(s) 为在5000000次函数评估（FEs）下，20次独立运行的平均运行时间。