Taxi GPS data and order data

交通运输是影响全球可持续发展的关键行业，其中出租车是交通运输的重要组成部分。现有研究主要关注乘客或驾驶员行为，往往忽视了对巡航出租车和网约车服务之间运营特征和时空模式的双重比较分析。 本研究以厦门为案例，提出了一种作时空流动分析框架（OST-MAF）。 整体运行特征、载客特征和空置运行特征比较其运行差异;然后，通过分析上下车点的核密度，以及检测群落结构，评估空间特征和差异，揭示空间差异。 结果表明，网约车服务更容易受到干扰，城市的多中心结构更有利于城市韧性。 此外，巡航出租车的空置里程较高，额外贡献了 33.1 公斤/天的无效碳排放。巡游出租车主要局限于厦门岛（只有 6% 的行程延伸到厦门岛以外地区），这加剧了弱势群体的出行不平等。本研究对游轮出租车和网约车服务的出行模式进行了全面分析，为政策制定者制定促进可持续城市交通的战略提供了宝贵的见解。研究结果亦有助提升城市交通服务的质素和效率。

Transportation is a critical industry affecting global sustainable development, and taxis are an important component of the transportation sector. Existing studies mainly focus on passenger or driver behavior, often neglecting the dual comparative analysis of operational characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns between cruise taxis and ride-hailing services. Taking Xiamen as a case study, this study proposes a spatiotemporal mobility analysis framework (OST-MAF). We first compare operational differences among overall operation characteristics, passenger-carrying characteristics and empty cruising characteristics; then, we evaluate spatial characteristics and differences by analyzing the kernel density of pick-up and drop-off points and detecting community structures, thereby revealing spatial disparities. The results show that ride-hailing services are more susceptible to disruptions, and the polycentric structure of cities is more conducive to urban resilience. In addition, cruise taxis have higher empty cruising mileage, contributing an additional 33.1 kg/day of invalid carbon emissions. Cruise taxis are mainly confined to Xiamen Island, with only 6% of trips extending beyond the island, which exacerbates travel inequality among vulnerable groups. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the travel patterns of cruise taxis and ride-hailing services, providing valuable insights for policymakers to formulate strategies for promoting sustainable urban transportation. The findings also help improve the quality and efficiency of urban transportation services.