Quadrat sampling of vegetation types in Yorku Grassland situated near Stong Pond

The purpose of this lab is to determine the variety and composition of vegetation found within the grassland situated within York university grounds. The experiment was conducted in the grassland on the east side of campus near Stong Pond. The necessary and required equipments were one 1metre x 1metre quadrat. The data was collected on September 21st, 2015 at approximately 3pm. The temperature at the time was around 19 degrees celsius as well as it was sunny and partly cloudy with a little wind. There were several types of vegetation in the area. The most common ones noticed and was recorded in the data were the small yellow flowers that bloomed in clumps. There were small purple flowers that grew tall and as singles, white small flowers similar to the purple flowers. There were tall flowers that looked like a bulb at the top, it grew as a single flower. There was also another type of grass that grew all over the grassland, it was similar by shape to parsley leaves. There were weed like plants (leaves) similar to those from dandelion plants.The approach to sampling was random sampling. Once arrived upon the grassland sampling began at the edge where the grassland began. An object was thrown (anything thats solid like a ball) at random into the grassland, where the ball fell is where the quadrat was placed. Once the quadrat was placed the different types of plants were counted (richness) and how many plants in total in the quadrat was counted (abundance). Then one person estimated the percentage covered by grass and the percentage covered by other types of vegetation. Only one person did this job so that the estimations were based on one persons perspective avoiding biased data. The process of throwing the object at random and sampling the quadrat was done 25 times and observations were recorded in a table.本实验旨在测定约克大学校园内草地的植被种类与组成。实验于2015年9月21日约下午3点，在校园东侧靠近斯通塘（Stong Pond）的草地开展。所需实验器材为1米×1米的样方（quadrat）。当日现场气温约19摄氏度，天气晴朗多云且伴有微风。该区域分布有多种植被，数据记录中最为常见的为丛生绽放的小型黄色花朵；另有单生直立的小型紫色花朵，以及形态近似该紫色小花的小型白色花朵；还存在顶端形似球茎的单生高型花卉；此外，草地中广泛分布着一种外形类似欧芹叶的草本植物，以及叶片形态类似蒲公英的杂草类植物。采样采用随机抽样法：抵达草地后，从草地边缘启动采样流程。将实心物体（如球）随机抛向草地，以落点作为样方的放置位置。放置样方后，首先统计样方内的植物种类数（物种丰富度）与总植株数量（物种多度）；随后由单人估算草地及其他植被的覆盖百分比，仅由单人完成该估算以统一观测视角，避免数据偏差。本次随机抛投取样与样方观测共重复25次，所有观测结果均记录于表格中。