Bioactive peptides from beans with the potential to decrease the risk of developing noncommunicable chronic diseases

Several studies have demonstrated that peptides obtained from the proteins of different bean species have the potential to act on therapeutic targets of noncommunicable chronic diseases or NCDs. However, peptides with great structural diversity can be obtained from the hydrolysis of proteins present in foods. Therefore, the present review had the objective of identifying, <i>in silico,</i> the possibility of obtaining peptides with potential biological activity from the storage globulin proteins of the bean species <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> (L.), <i>Vigna angularis</i> (Willd.), <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) and <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp., using the UniProtKB, BIOPEP and PeptideRanker databases, as well as reviewing available research reports that showed evidence bioactive properties of peptides obtained from beans via <i>in vitro</i> assays. For all the species studied, the highest frequency of the occurrence of bioactive fragments was found for the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, followed by the inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and by antioxidant activity. The inhibition of the two enzymes is the therapeutic target of drugs used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and for hypertension, respectively, while the antioxidant activity can prevent the development of several chronic diseases related to oxidative stress.

多项研究表明，从不同豆类物种的蛋白质中提取得到的活性肽，可靶向作用于非传染性慢性病（noncommunicable chronic diseases, NCDs）的治疗靶点。然而，通过食品中蛋白质的水解过程，可获得结构多样性丰富的活性肽。因此，本综述旨在通过通用蛋白质知识库（UniProtKB）、BIOPEP数据库（BIOPEP）及PeptideRanker工具，对菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)）、赤小豆（Vigna angularis (Willd.)）、绿豆（Vigna radiata (L.)）及豇豆（Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.）的贮藏球蛋白中获取具有潜在生物活性肽的可行性进行虚拟（in silico）预测，同时梳理现有经体外（in vitro）实验证实豆类源肽具有生物活性的研究报道。在所研究的所有豆类物种中，生物活性片段出现频率最高的为二肽基肽酶-IV（dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, DPP-IV）抑制活性，其次为血管紧张素转换酶（angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE）抑制活性与抗氧化活性。这两种酶的抑制活性分别对应2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM）与高血压的临床药物治疗靶点，而抗氧化活性则可预防多种与氧化应激相关的慢性疾病的发生发展。