Sample descriptive statistics.

Handstand is a basic element common across gymnastic disciplines and physical education classes that is frequently evaluated for quality in competition or skill acquisition. The correct handstand execution relies on maintaining balance, for which the shoulders seem particularly important. This study explores the relationship between shoulder joint function and the quality of handstand execution in novice college athletes (n = 111; aged 19–23 years). We assessed the shoulder joint function using standardized field tests (Upper Quarter Y Balance Test and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test) and evaluated handstand execution on official rating scale. Ordinal logistic regression models showed no relationship between the quality of handstand execution (E-score) and measures of shoulder joint stability or mobility in our sample (POR = 0.97 [0.91, 1.03] and 1.00 [0.91, 1.09] for E-score). Two major factors may have caused an observed pattern of results. Firstly, the standardized tests assess shoulder joints in different loads and ranges of motion compared to handstands. Secondly, our novice sample was not able to perform the handstand sufficiently well. In our sample of novice college athletes, shoulder function seems not related to handstand execution as other latent factors hindered their performance.手倒立（Handstand）是体操各项目及体育课程中常见的基础动作，在竞技赛事或技能习得环节常被纳入完成质量评估范畴。标准手倒立的完成依赖于平衡维持，而肩关节在此过程中发挥着尤为关键的作用。本研究针对111名年龄在19至23岁之间的高校新手运动员，探究肩关节功能与手倒立完成质量之间的关联。本研究采用标准化现场测试——上象限Y平衡测试（Upper Quarter Y Balance Test）与闭链上肢稳定性测试（Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test）——评估受试者的肩关节功能，并通过官方评分量表对其手倒立完成质量进行评定。有序逻辑回归模型结果显示，在本研究样本中，手倒立完成质量（E-score）与肩关节稳定性、活动度指标之间不存在显著关联：针对E-score的比值比（POR）分别为0.97[0.91, 1.03]与1.00[0.91, 1.09]。本研究结果的出现可能由两大因素导致：其一，相较于手倒立动作，标准化测试评估肩关节时所采用的负荷与活动范围存在差异；其二，本研究中的新手运动员群体未能足够熟练地完成手倒立动作。对于本次研究的高校新手运动员样本而言，由于其他潜在因素对其运动表现造成了阻碍，肩关节功能似乎与手倒立完成质量并无关联。