Data from: Molecular characterization and population structure of the macaw palm, Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae), ex situ germplasm collection using microsatellites markers

The Acrocomia aculeata is one of the most promising plants for sustainable production of renewable energy. In order to understand patterns of the distribution of the allelic diversity of A. aculeata ex situ germplasm collection, the present study investigated the hypothesis that the genetic variability of the accessions may match their geographical origin. A genotypic analysis of 77 A. aculeata accessions was conducted with six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A high degree of molecular diversity among the accessions was found, with an average of nine alleles per locus and a polymorphic information content with a mean of 0.76. A total of four clusters was identified by the Bayesian analysis of population structure. The highest subpopulation diversity was identified in Pop1, mainly formed by accessions from State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The populations Pop2A, Pop2B and Pop2C, all from the State of Minas Gerais, showed high genetic variability as determined by a higher Fst, and a wide genetic variance, which were identified within and among the population by AMOVA. Based on our results and on Vavilov’s theory on crop origins, one possible diversity center for A. aculeata is proposed to be in a region in southeast Brazil.

刺椰（Acrocomia aculeata）是可持续生产可再生能源最具潜力的植物之一。为明确刺椰异位种质资源库的等位基因多样性分布规律，本研究验证了‘供试种质的遗传变异与其地理起源相匹配’这一假说。本研究采用6对简单序列重复（simple sequence repeat, SSR）标记对77份刺椰供试种质进行基因型分析。结果显示，供试种质间存在较高水平的分子多样性，每位点平均包含9个等位基因，平均多态信息含量为0.76。通过群体结构贝叶斯分析，共鉴定出4个遗传类群。其中Pop1的亚群多样性最高，该亚群的供试材料主要来自南马托格罗索州。来自米纳斯吉拉斯州的Pop2A、Pop2B与Pop2C三个群体，经分子方差分析（Analysis of Molecular Variance, AMOVA）检测，表现出较高的遗传分化（Fst值更高）以及群体内与群体间广泛的遗传变异。结合本研究结果与瓦维洛夫作物起源理论，本研究提出巴西东南部区域或为刺椰的一个潜在多样性起源中心。