Data_Sheet_1_Bioactivity of Biosilica Obtained From North Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponges.docx

Demosponges are a well-known source of a plethora of bioactive compounds. In particular, they are able to form a skeleton by direct deposition of silica in a process catalyzed by silicatein. Herein, we isolated biosilicas from five different Atlantic deep-sea sponges Geodia atlantica (GA), Geodia barretti (GB), Stelletta normani (SN), Axinella infundibuliformis (AI), and Phakellia ventilabrum (PV) to explore the bioactivity and osteogenic capacity of its silica-based materials. We chemically characterized the isolated biosilicas and evaluated them for their bioactivity to deposit Ca and P on their surface (by immersion in simulated body fluid, SBF). GB-, SN-, AI-, and PV-based biosilicas did not generate a stable calcium phosphate (CaP) layer over time in the presence of SBF, however, the GA-derived one was able to form a CaP surface layer (at a Ca/P ratio of ∼1.7, similar to the one observed for hydroxyapatite), that was stable during the 28 days of testing. In addition, no cytotoxicity toward L929 and SaOs2 cells was observed for the GA-based biosilica up to a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Overall, the GA-based biosilica presents the characteristics to be used in the development of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE).

寻常海绵（Demosponges）是一类已知可产生海量生物活性化合物的优质来源。尤为特殊的是，它们能够通过硅蛋白（silicatein）催化的过程直接沉积二氧化硅，以此构建自身骨骼骨架。本研究从5种不同的大西洋深海海绵——大西洋球海绵（Geodia atlantica, GA）、巴氏球海绵（Geodia barretti, GB）、诺曼星骨海绵（Stelletta normani, SN）、漏斗轴海绵（Axinella infundibuliformis, AI）以及扇海绵（Phakellia ventilabrum, PV）——中分离得到生物硅材料，旨在探究其硅基材料的生物活性与成骨能力。研究团队对分离获取的生物硅进行了化学表征，并通过将材料浸没于模拟体液（simulated body fluid, SBF）中的方法，评估其表面沉积钙（Ca）与磷（P）的生物活性。实验结果显示，GB、SN、AI及PV来源的生物硅在模拟体液环境下随时间推移无法形成稳定的磷酸钙（calcium phosphate, CaP）层；而GA来源的生物硅则可形成CaP表面层，其钙磷比约为1.7，与羟基磷灰石（hydroxyapatite）的钙磷比相近，且该表层在28天的测试周期中始终保持稳定。此外，当GA来源的生物硅浓度高达10 mg/mL时，未观察到其对L929细胞与SaOs2细胞产生细胞毒性。综合来看，GA来源的生物硅具备用于开发骨组织工程（bone tissue engineering, BTE）生物材料的应用潜力。