Fig. 1 Traditional Logistics versus Logistics 4.0 Features

, Fig 1 shows the main features from traditional logistics to Logistics 4.0, these characteristics were based on five principles: Interoperability, Virtualization, Decentralization, Real-Time Capability, Service Orientation, and Modularity [3]. Also, in the nine fundamental technological advances of industry 4.0: (1) Autonomous robots; (2) Simulation; (3) System Integration; (4) IIoT; (5) Cybersecurity; (6) The cloud; (7) Additive manufacturing; (8) Augmented reality; (9) Big Data Analytics [21]. And reports on the compatible Logistics 4.0 features accentuating the distinction between the traditional logistics and Logistics 4.0 perspective.

图1展示了从传统物流向物流4.0（Logistics 4.0）演进的核心特征，这些特征基于五大原则：互操作性（Interoperability）、虚拟化（Virtualization）、去中心化（Decentralization）、实时性（Real-Time Capability）、服务导向（Service Orientation）与模块化（Modularity）[3]。此外，工业4.0的九项核心技术进展包括：(1) 自主机器人；(2) 仿真技术；(3) 系统集成；(4) 工业物联网（Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT）；(5) 网络安全；(6) 云计算；(7) 增材制造；(8) 增强现实；(9) 大数据分析[21]。另有相关报告针对适配物流4.0的特征展开论述，以凸显传统物流与物流4.0视角间的差异。