Table_2_Sustainable choices: The relationship between adherence to the dietary guidelines and food waste behaviors in Italian families.DOCX

IntroductionFood loss and waste are urgent problems to address. Recent estimates highlighted that the highest quantities of waste are generated at the household level and for this reason, the interest in this sector has increased over years.
MethodsTo investigate if there is a connection between consumers’ behaviors aiming at reducing food waste and consumers’ choices in adopting healthy eating habits, a survey among a sample (n = 2,869) representative of the Italian population was carried out with the use of validated questionnaires.
ResultsResults demonstrated that the higher the adherence to the Italian dietary guidelines indicator (AIDGI) the higher the score measuring household food waste behaviors (HFWB). In particular, the highest AIDGI corresponds to a preponderance of respondents that was more able to plan the shopping and the use of food (38.9%, p < 0.001), to better evaluate the quantities to cook (40.4%, p < 0.001), to avoid impulsive buying (35.2%, p < 0.01), to have a high knowledge of the food stored (38.4%, p < 0.001), to reuse leftovers (35.4%, p < 0.001), to assess food safety (34.7%, p < 0.001), to plan accurately (34.9%, p < 0.01), to know how to prolong the shelf life of a product (34%, p < 0.05), and to cook creatively (32%, p < 0.01). In addition to that, half of the respondents with the lowest AIDGI score did not receive any education regarding food waste (51.1%, p < 0.001). HFWB indicators globally resulted in scores ranging from 40 to 80% revealing the attention of Italians to food waste issues. Regarding eating habits, in half of the sample (50.4%) a consumption pattern with low adherence to nutritional recommendations was found, in particular among men (34.4%), younger age groups (40%), and people living in large families (42.3%).
DiscussionThe overall results provided interesting information that could give input for planning nutrition education actions and identifying targets and topics to be addressed.

引言
食品损失与食品浪费是亟待解决的严峻问题。最新估算数据显示，家庭环节产生的食品浪费量最高，因此近年来学界对该领域的关注度持续提升。

研究方法
为探究消费者减少食品浪费的行为与健康饮食选择之间是否存在关联，本研究以意大利全国代表性样本（n=2869）为研究对象，采用经过信效度验证的问卷开展了调研。

研究结果
研究结果显示，消费者的意大利膳食指南依从性指标（Adherence to the Italian Dietary Guidelines Indicator, AIDGI）得分越高，其家庭食品浪费行为（Household Food Waste Behaviors, HFWB）评分也越高。具体而言，AIDGI得分最高的群体中，多数受访者更擅长规划购物与食材使用（38.9%，p<0.001）、更精准地把控烹饪食材分量（40.4%，p<0.001）、避免冲动购物（35.2%，p<0.01）、对家中储存的食材具备充分认知（38.4%，p<0.001）、主动进行剩菜再利用（35.4%，p<0.001）、能够评估食材安全性（34.7%，p<0.001）、制定精准的饮食规划（34.9%，p<0.01）、掌握延长食材保质期的方法（34%，p<0.05）以及开展创意烹饪（32%，p<0.01）。此外，AIDGI得分最低的受访者中有51.1%未接受过食品浪费相关教育（p<0.001）。整体而言，HFWB指标得分区间为40%至80%，反映出意大利民众对食品浪费问题的关注度。在饮食习惯方面，50.4%的样本群体呈现出低营养指南依从性的饮食模式，这一现象在男性群体（34.4%）、年轻年龄段人群（40%）以及大家庭成员（42.3%）中尤为突出。

讨论
本研究整体结果提供了颇具价值的参考信息，可为营养教育行动的规划以及目标群体与教育主题的确定提供依据。