Common SNP rs6564851 in the BCO1 Gene Affects the Circulating Levels of β-Carotene and the Daily Intake of Carotenoids in Healthy Japanese Women

The circulating levels of β-carotene are modulated not only by sex, but also by autosomal gene variations and fruit intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between β-carotene metabolism-related gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; genetic factors) and nutrient intake (environmental factors) relating to their effects on circulating β-carotene. The serum concentrations of β-carotene and the habitual food intake of 92 healthy Japanese adults were examined. All subjects were genotyped for three common SNPs: rs6564851 in the β-carotene 15,15′-oxygenase 1 (BCO1) gene, rs2278986 in the scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1) gene and rs362090 in the intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) gene. Univariate analysis revealed that the circulating β-carotene levels were significantly higher in rs6564851 GG homozygotes (p = 0.003). Additionally, the daily intake of β-cryptoxanthin was positively associated with the circulating β-carotene levels in female GG homozygotes of rs6564851 (p = 0.023), and the daily intake of α- and β-carotenes, and β-cryptoxanthin was significantly lower in female rs6564851 T allele carries than in female GG homozygotes (p = 0.009, 0.008, 0.009, respectively). The present study apparently indicates that higher circulating β-carotene levels in female rs6564851 GG homozygotes depend on carotenoid intake.血清β-胡萝卜素的循环水平不仅受性别调控，同时亦受常染色体基因变异与水果摄入的影响。本研究旨在探究与β-胡萝卜素代谢相关基因的单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms，SNPs，即遗传因素）与营养摄入（即环境因素）之间的交互作用，及其对循环β-胡萝卜素水平的影响。本研究检测了92名健康日本成年人的血清β-胡萝卜素浓度与习惯性食物摄入情况，并对所有受试者的3种常见SNPs进行基因分型：β-胡萝卜素15,15′-加氧酶1（BCO1）基因的rs6564851、清道夫受体B类成员1（SCARB1）基因的rs2278986，以及肠特异性同源盒（ISX）基因的rs362090。单变量分析结果显示，rs6564851位点GG纯合子个体的循环β-胡萝卜素水平显著更高（p=0.003）。此外，在rs6564851位点的女性GG纯合子群体中，β-隐黄质的每日摄入量与循环β-胡萝卜素水平呈显著正相关（p=0.023）；且女性rs6564851位点T等位基因携带者的α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素及β-隐黄质每日摄入量，均显著低于女性GG纯合子群体（分别对应p=0.009、0.008、0.009）。本研究结果表明，女性rs6564851位点GG纯合子个体更高的循环β-胡萝卜素水平，与其类胡萝卜素摄入量相关。