Photon wave function and the electromagnetic vacuum

The association of the density of states theory to the vector potential quantization of the electromagnetic field leads naturally to the definition of the photon quantization volume, ascribing an intrinsic physical geometrical property to a single photon. Photons are not point particles and constitute a particular case in particles standard model. Based upon the vector potential with quantized amplitude, we define a photon wave function representing an amplitude probability for the photon localization normalized with respect to the photon quantization volume. In addition, the established photon wave function satisfies Maxwell's propagation equation and Schrödinger's equation with the relativistic massless particle Hamiltonian as well as a Schrödinger-like equation for the vector potential. 
The electromagnetic vacuum derives straightforward from the photon vector potential function and has both classical and quantum representations. It permits to remedy to the zero-point energy shortcomings and singularities in quantum electrodynamics. Finally, the photon wave function is naturally related to the electromagnetic vacuum states putting the basis for understanding entanglement.

态密度理论（Density of States Theory）与电磁场矢量势（Vector Potential）量子化的结合，自然导出了光子量子化体积（Photon Quantization Volume）的定义，赋予单个光子本征的物理几何属性。光子并非点粒子，是粒子标准模型（Particle Standard Model）中的一类特殊特例。基于振幅量子化的矢量势，我们定义了光子波函数（Photon Wave Function），该函数表征光子局域化的振幅概率，并以光子量子化体积进行归一化。此外，所构建的光子波函数满足麦克斯韦传播方程、以相对论性无质量粒子哈密顿量（Hamiltonian）为框架的薛定谔方程（Schrödinger's Equation），以及适用于矢量势的类薛定谔方程。
电磁真空（Electromagnetic Vacuum）可直接由光子矢量势函数推导得出，兼具经典与量子两种表征形式。其可修正量子电动力学（Quantum Electrodynamics, QED）中的零点能缺陷与奇点问题。最后，光子波函数与电磁真空态存在天然关联，为理解纠缠（Entanglement）现象奠定了理论基础。