Parkes observations for project P1376 semester 2025OCTS_01

Magnetars are highly magnetized neutron stars known for their diverse emission properties, including rare but bright radio emission. Despite their significance, the broadband radio spectra of magnetars remain poorly characterized, with only a few sources studied. Notably, several radio magnetars exhibit complex spectral features, such as a peaks at a few GHz and at a few hundred GHz, and a dip around 30-50 GHz, challenging current models of magnetar emission.
We propose simultaneous observations of the radio magnetar 1E 1547.0-5408 using Murriyang, the Parkes radio telescope and the ATCA. Our program will provide simultaneous and near-continuous frequency coverage from 0.7 to 96 GHz, combining ATCA's capabilities at 4cm, 15mm, 7mm, and 3mm with Parkes's UWL receiver. This setup will enable us to characterize the magnetar's broadband spectral shape, identify spectral peaks and dips, and provide insights into the underlying magnetospheric emission processes, offering valuable constraints for future theoretical studies.
Additionally, the Parkes observations will capture individual pulses from 1E 1547.0-5408, allowing us to compare their properties to those of SGR 1935+2154, a known Galactic FRB source, and explore potential links between other radio magnetars and FRBs.
These observations will provide constraints on the physical mechanisms behind magnetar radio emission and contribute to a better understanding of the connection between radio magnetars and fast radio bursts.

磁星（Magnetars）是一类拥有极强磁场的中子星，以其多样的辐射特性著称，其中包含罕见却明亮的射电辐射。尽管这类天体具有重要的科学研究价值，但目前对磁星的宽频射电光谱特征仍缺乏充分表征，仅有少量源得到了系统性研究。值得注意的是，已有数颗射电磁星展现出复杂的光谱特征：例如在数吉赫兹与数百吉赫兹频段均出现辐射峰值，同时在30-50 GHz频段存在光谱凹陷，这对当前的磁星辐射模型构成了挑战。

本研究计划利用帕克斯射电望远镜（Parkes radio telescope）的Murriyang设备与澳大利亚紧凑阵列望远镜（ATCA, Australia Telescope Compact Array），对射电磁星1E 1547.0-5408开展同步观测。本次观测项目将实现0.7至96 GHz频段的同步且近乎连续的频率覆盖，结合ATCA在4cm、15mm、7mm及3mm波段的观测能力，与帕克斯望远镜的超宽带（UWL）接收机的性能，该观测配置将帮助我们精准刻画该磁星的宽频光谱形态，识别光谱峰值与凹陷特征，并深入解析其背后的磁层辐射机制，为后续的理论研究提供宝贵的约束条件。

此外，帕克斯望远镜的观测数据将捕捉到1E 1547.0-5408的单个脉冲辐射，从而允许我们将其脉冲特性与已知的银河系快速射电暴（FRB, Fast Radio Burst）源SGR 1935+2154进行对比，并探索其他射电磁星与快速射电暴之间的潜在关联。

本次观测将为磁星射电辐射背后的物理机制提供约束，同时有助于我们进一步理解射电磁星与快速射电暴之间的联系。