Application of statistical method in the study of the influence of hydrogen peroxide and sodium borohydride on silver nanoparticle synthesis (AGNPS)

ABSTRACT Nanomaterials has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its properties that allow applications in several areas such as chemistry, physics, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and engineering. In the nanomaterial universe, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have awakened the interest of several researchers because of their bactericidal potential. Recent studies have correlated the efficacy of antimicrobial activity with the surfacevolume ratio, morphology, polydispersity, particle size and AgNPs stability. This work aimed to understand the influence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the AgNPs properties. The synthesis of AgNPs was performed by chemical reduction of silver ions with sodium borohydride in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and sodium citrate. To determine the influence caused by H2O2 and NaBH4, different concentrations and volume variations were used and a Fisher’s exact test was applied to determine the significance between variables. The samples were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta Potential. Results determined that the Fisher’s exact test along with the obtained results of variables of particle size, stability and polydispersity are statistically the same, that is, the variables do not influence statistically the formation of the particles, as well as the influence caused by H2O2 and NaBH4 variation on the AgNPs properties. In summary, variation of NaBH4 concentration and H2O2 volume causes effects under the diameter, stability and polydispersity of AgNPs which have been studied and described herein.

摘要
纳米材料（Nanomaterials）因其独特的理化特性可应用于化学、物理、医学、制药及工程等多个领域，近年来受到了广泛关注。在纳米材料领域中，银纳米颗粒（silver nanoparticles, AgNPs）因其优异的杀菌性能，引发了众多研究者的浓厚兴趣。近期研究表明，抗菌活性的效能与银纳米颗粒的表面体积比（surface-volume ratio）、形貌、多分散性、粒径及稳定性密切相关。本研究旨在探究硼氢化钠（sodium borohydride, NaBH4）与过氧化氢（hydrogen peroxide, H2O2）对银纳米颗粒性能的影响。
本研究采用化学还原法，以硼氢化钠为还原剂，在过氧化氢与柠檬酸钠（sodium citrate）的共存体系中还原银离子，制备银纳米颗粒。为探究过氧化氢与硼氢化钠的影响，本研究设置了不同浓度与体积梯度的实验组，并采用费希尔精确检验（Fisher’s exact test）分析变量间的显著性差异。采用动态光散射（Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS）与Zeta电位（Zeta Potential）对样品进行表征。
结果显示，费希尔精确检验结果与粒径、稳定性及多分散性的实测数据在统计学上无显著差异，即硼氢化钠与过氧化氢的浓度及体积变化，既未对银纳米颗粒的形成过程产生统计学层面的显著影响，亦未显著改变银纳米颗粒的相关性能。
综上，硼氢化钠浓度与过氧化氢体积的变化会对银纳米颗粒的粒径、稳定性及多分散性产生影响，相关内容已在本文中进行了研究与阐述。