Multinomial logistic regression model results.

There is a limited understanding of how different subgroups of Latin American immigrant parents experience cultural stressors, as well as its impact on family dynamics, health behaviors, and mental health. The present study aimed to (1) identify latent cultural stress profiles among Latin American immigrant parents in the U.S. and (2) examine differences among these profiles concerning family intimacy, democratic parenting style, family conflict, hazardous alcohol use, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Participants consisted of a sample of 1,351 parents (61.9% female; M age = 39.83, 62% first-generation; North America [61%], Central America and the Caribbean [21%], and South America [19%]) of children aged 8–16. We used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of cultural stress, defined by perceived discrimination (PDS) and negative context of reception (NCR). Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine key correlates of profile membership. Five latent profiles were identified (1) Low PDS/NCR (22.2%), (2) Low PDS/Elevated NCR (14.8%), (3) Moderate PDS/NCR (18.7%), (4) Elevated PDS/NCR (33.5%), and (5) Highest PDS/NCR (10.8%). Compared with Profile 1 (Low PDS/NCR), parents in Profiles 2–5 generally reported lower family intimacy (RRR = 0.93–0.97). Parents in Profile 5 (Highest PDS/NCR) reported more family conflict (RRR = 1.13), hazardous alcohol use (RRR = 1.20), depressive symptoms (RRR = 1.31), and anxiety symptoms (RRR = 1.29), with markedly elevated depressive (RRR = 22.94) and anxiety symptomatology (RRR = 17.48) compared with Profile 1. Our findings suggest the presence of vulnerable subgroups due to cultural stress among Latin American parents in the United States. A better understanding of cultural stress patterns may improve current and future interventions tailored for Latin American families, addressing health disparities within this population.

目前学界对拉美移民父母不同亚群体所经历的文化压力源，以及此类压力源对家庭动态、健康行为与心理健康的影响，尚缺乏充分认知。本研究旨在达成两个目标：（1）识别美国境内拉美移民父母的潜在文化压力亚型；（2）考察各亚型在家庭亲密度、民主型教养方式、家庭冲突、危险饮酒行为以及抑郁与焦虑症状方面的差异。本研究纳入1351名儿童父母作为参与者，其中61.9%为女性，平均年龄为39.83岁，62%为第一代移民；地域分布为北美籍61%、中美洲及加勒比籍21%、南美籍19%，所照料的儿童年龄介于8至16岁之间。本研究采用潜在剖面分析（Latent Profile Analysis），以感知歧视（Perceived Discrimination, PDS）与负面接纳情境（Negative Context of Reception, NCR）为界定指标，识别文化压力的亚群体；并通过多项逻辑回归（Multinomial Logistic Regression）分析，检验各剖面归属的关键关联因素。研究共识别出5种潜在压力亚型：（1）低PDS/低NCR组（占比22.2%），（2）低PDS/高NCR组（占比14.8%），（3）中等PDS/中等NCR组（占比18.7%），（4）高PDS/高NCR组（占比33.5%），以及（5）极高PDS/极高NCR组（占比10.8%）。以亚型1（低PDS/低NCR组）为参照，亚型2至5的父母普遍报告更低的家庭亲密度（相对风险比Relative Risk Ratio, RRR=0.93~0.97）。其中，亚型5（极高PDS/极高NCR组）的父母报告了更显著的家庭冲突（RRR=1.13）、危险饮酒行为（RRR=1.20）、抑郁症状（RRR=1.31）与焦虑症状（RRR=1.29）；相较于亚型1，该组的抑郁症状（RRR=22.94）与焦虑症状（RRR=17.48）水平显著升高。本研究结果表明，美国拉美移民父母群体中存在因文化压力导致的脆弱亚群体。深入理解文化压力模式，有助于优化当前及未来针对拉美家庭的定制化干预措施，进而改善该群体内的健康差异状况。