Production and quality of cowpea seeds desiccated with saflufenacil and flumioxazin

ABSTRACT The use of desiccants allows to anticipate cowpea harvest at a time closer to physiological maturity. The desiccants saflufenacil and flumioxazin promote the drying and falling of leaves and loss of water from seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of saflufenacil and flumioxazin doses applied to the cowpea crop on the production and quality of seeds at harvest and after storage for six months. Two experiments were carried out in a split-plot design (5 × 2). In the first experiment, the main factor consisted of saflufenacil doses (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 g ai ha-1), while the second factor consisted of evaluation periods (after harvest and six months after harvest). In the second experiment, the main factor consisted of flumioxazin doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g ai ha-1) and the second factor consisted of the same evaluation periods. The treatments were designed in randomized blocks, with four replications. Saflufenacil application from 25 g ha-1 compromised the yield components and technological quality, while flumioxazin doses did not affect the yield components. Storage at 20 °C for six months decreased the physiological quality of seeds. Flumioxazin application at cowpea harvest promoted uniformity of maturity and harvest anticipation, without compromising the physiological quality after harvest.

摘要：施用干燥助剂可将豇豆的收获期提前至更接近生理成熟的阶段。本研究涉及的干燥助剂莎氟草醚（saflufenacil）与氟烯草酸（flumioxazin），可促进叶片干枯脱落并加速种子失水。本研究旨在评估施用于豇豆作物的莎氟草醚与氟烯草酸剂量，对收获时及六个月储藏期后种子产量与品质的影响。本研究设置两组试验，均采用裂区设计（5×2）。第一组试验的主区因子为莎氟草醚剂量（0、25、50、100、150 g ai ha⁻¹），副区因子为评价时期（收获后即刻及收获后六个月）；第二组试验的主区因子为氟烯草酸剂量（0、10、20、30、40 g ai ha⁻¹），副区因子与第一组一致。所有处理均采用随机区组设计，设置四次重复。试验结果显示，当莎氟草醚施用量达到25 g ha⁻¹及以上时，会对种子产量构成因子与加工品质造成不利影响；而氟烯草酸各剂量均未对产量构成因子产生显著影响。在20℃条件下储藏六个月，会降低种子的生理品质。在豇豆收获期施用氟烯草酸，可促进作物成熟一致性并实现收获提前，且不会损害收获后的种子生理品质。