Summary of the symbols used in the text.

E. coli data are taken from [5, 25, 26]. S. cerevisiae data are taken from [4, 26, 27]. In the text we also use symbols for the number of free, active, inactive and transcript-bound ribosomes, which are Rf, Ra, Ri and Rb, respectively.大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli，缩写为E. coli）的数据取自文献[5, 25, 26]。酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae，缩写为S. cerevisiae）的数据取自文献[4, 26, 27]。本文中我们采用符号表示游离核糖体、活性核糖体、非活性核糖体以及结合转录本的核糖体的数量，对应符号依次为Rf、Ra、Ri和Rb。