ALIVE Cohort Smokescreen GWAS. ALIVE Cohort Smokescreen GWAS

The AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) Study is a long-standing community based research effort that includes past and current injection drug users (IDUs). ALIVE has been ongoing since 1988 and is one of the longest-running community-based cohorts of IDUs in existence. The primary objectives when the study started were to characterize the incidence and natural history of HIV among injection drug users (IDUs). At each study visit, participants undergo a series of questionnaires that elicit information about substance use (including drugs used and route of administration) and a blood draw. A subsample of 1200 subjects was selected for genotyping for the NIDA Smokescreen effort who report heroin injection and have existing peripheral blood samples (isolated buffy coat). In addition to injected heroin, ALIVE subjects are assessed on lifetime and previous six months use of marijuana (76.3%), crack (55.5%), snorted cocaine (48.3%), injected cocaine... (for more see dbGaP study page.)

与静脉注射经历相关的艾滋病（AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience, ALIVE）研究是一项长期开展的基于社区的研究项目，研究对象涵盖既往及当前的注射毒品使用者（injection drug users, IDUs）。该研究自1988年起持续推进，是目前全球存续时间最长的注射毒品使用者社区队列研究之一。
研究启动之初的核心目标是阐明注射毒品使用者群体中人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV）的感染发生率与自然病程特征。在每一次研究随访中，参与者需完成一系列问卷以获取其物质使用相关信息（包括所使用的毒品种类及摄入途径），同时接受血液采集。
针对报告有海洛因注射史且留存有外周血样本（已分离得到血沉棕黄层（buffy coat））的受试者，研究团队选取了1200名子样本，用于美国国家药物滥用研究所（National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA）Smokescreen项目的基因分型工作。
除注射海洛因外，研究团队还会评估ALIVE队列受试者的终身及近6个月物质使用情况：大麻（76.3%）、快克可卡因（55.5%）、鼻吸可卡因（48.3%）、注射可卡因……（详细信息请参见dbGaP研究页面）