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The formation and distribution of residual stress during the micro-milling process significantly affect the crack resistance and service life of alumina bioceramics. This study aims to optimize the surface residual stress distribution by adjusting machining parameters, thereby improving the machining quality of alumina ceramics. A three-dimensional finite element model of alumina bioceramics was developed, and numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the effects of feed per tooth, cutting depth, and spindle speed on temperature and residual stress. The study further explores the patterns of residual stress variation. The results show that both surface temperature and residual tensile stress exhibit systematic trends with parameter changes. Specifically, surface residual tensile stress increases with cutting depth initially but decreases sharply once the cutting depth exceeds 25 μm. Residual tensile stress increases with spindle speed, reaching its peak at 21,000 r/min before stabilizing. Additionally, the residual tensile stress rises with feed per tooth at first but gradually declines when the value exceeds 25 μm/z. This research reveals the mechanisms by which micro-milling parameters influence surface temperature and residual stress in alumina bioceramics, providing theoretical guidance for optimizing micro-milling processes. The findings can also be extended to the micro-milling of other hard-to-machine materials, offering broad engineering application potential.微铣削（micro-milling）过程中残余应力（residual stress）的形成与分布，对氧化铝生物陶瓷（alumina bioceramics）的抗开裂性能与服役寿命具有显著影响。本研究旨在通过调整加工参数优化表面残余应力分布，进而提升氧化铝陶瓷的加工质量。本研究构建了氧化铝生物陶瓷的三维有限元模型（three-dimensional finite element model），并通过数值仿真分析了每齿进给量（feed per tooth）、切削深度（cutting depth）及主轴转速（spindle speed）对温度与残余应力的影响，进一步探究了残余应力的变化规律。研究结果表明，表面温度与残余拉应力（residual tensile stress）均随加工参数变化呈现系统性变化规律。具体而言，表面残余拉应力随切削深度的增加先升高，当切削深度超过25 μm时会急剧下降；残余拉应力随主轴转速升高而增大，在21000 r/min时达到峰值，随后趋于平稳；此外，残余拉应力随每齿进给量的增加先升高，当每齿进给量超过25 μm/z时则逐渐降低。本研究揭示了微铣削参数对氧化铝生物陶瓷表面温度与残余应力的作用机制，可为微铣削工艺优化提供理论指导，该研究成果还可推广至其他难加工材料的微铣削加工，具备广阔的工程应用潜力。