Data_Sheet_1_Effects of agro-forestry systems on the physical and chemical characteristics of green coffee beans.docx

Twenty agroforestry systems consisting of different management practices (conventional and organic) and shade types were set up for coffee plantations in 2,000 at the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica. The physical (density, bulk density, moisture content, and roasting loss) and chemical attributes (mineral, total lipid, fatty acids, caffeine, and carbohydrate contents) of harvested green coffee beans were investigated. The full sun and Erythrina shade tree systems significantly improved (p < 0.05) the density of the green coffee beans and decreased (p < 0.05) the moisture content and roasting loss of the green coffee beans. The intensive organic (IO) management practice significantly increased some mineral contents, such as K, P, and Ca, in green coffee beans. The full sun system also significantly promoted (p < 0.05) some mineral contents, such as Ca and Mn, in green coffee beans. In terms of total lipid and fatty acids (FAs), compared with the moderate conventional (MC) management practice, the IO management practice was beneficial as it significantly increased (p < 0.05) the total lipid and FAs contents in the green coffee beans, while the Erythrina shade tree system significantly increased (p < 0.05) the total lipid and FAs contents of green coffee beans more efficiently than the other shade types. The caffeine content of green coffee beans was significantly higher (p < 0.05) under the intensive conventional (IC) and IO management practices than under the MC management practice and higher under the full sun system than under the shaded system. The Erythrina shade tree system significantly improved (p < 0.05) the carbohydrate content of green coffee beans. Overall, in consideration of sustainability, the IO management practice associated with the Erythrina shade tree system would be a useful combination for the local farmers to grow coffee trees.

2000年，哥斯达黎加图里亚尔瓦的热带农业研究与高等教育中心（CATIE）针对咖啡种植园搭建了20套农林业系统，涵盖不同的种植管理模式（常规与有机）与遮阴类型。本研究对采收后的生咖啡豆的物理特性（密度、容重、含水率及焙烧损失率）与化学属性（矿物质、总脂类、脂肪酸、咖啡因及碳水化合物含量）进行了测定。全光照与刺桐（Erythrina）遮阴系统可显著提升生咖啡豆密度（p<0.05），同时显著降低其含水率与焙烧损失率（p<0.05）。集约有机（Intensive Organic, IO）种植模式可显著提升生咖啡豆中钾（K）、磷（P）、钙（Ca）等部分矿物质的含量。全光照系统同样可显著提升生咖啡豆中钙（Ca）、锰（Mn）等部分矿物质的含量（p<0.05）。就总脂类与脂肪酸（Fatty Acids, FAs）而言，相较于中度常规（Moderate Conventional, MC）种植模式，IO模式可显著提升生咖啡豆的总脂类与脂肪酸含量（p<0.05），具备显著优势；且刺桐（Erythrina）遮阴系统提升生咖啡豆总脂类与脂肪酸含量的效果，显著优于其他遮阴类型（p<0.05）。集约常规（Intensive Conventional, IC）与IO种植模式下，生咖啡豆的咖啡因含量显著高于MC模式（p<0.05）；全光照系统下的咖啡因含量也显著高于遮阴系统（p<0.05）。刺桐（Erythrina）遮阴系统可显著提升生咖啡豆的碳水化合物含量（p<0.05）。综合来看，兼顾可持续性的前提下，将IO种植模式与刺桐（Erythrina）遮阴系统相结合，可作为当地农户种植咖啡的优选方案。