TEACHING READING: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES, THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS, AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This systematic literature review analyzes thirty years of empirical research on reading instruction. The study aims to systematize core theoretical approaches, effective teaching methods, assessment strategies, and support techniques for struggling readers, while generating practical recommendations. Key findings include: Systematic phonics instruction holds the strongest empirical foundation for early reading development; 1. A balanced literacy approach is most effective when it meaningfully integrates phonics with content-rich reading; 2. A multi-tiered assessment system (Response to Intervention, RTI) is essential for the timely identification of struggling readers; 3. Digital reading environments introduce new pedagogical challenges. 4. Based on these results, recommendations are offered for teacher preparation, curriculum reform, and future research.本系统文献综述梳理了近三十年来有关阅读教学的实证研究。本研究旨在系统化梳理针对阅读困难学习者的核心理论路径、高效教学方法、评估策略及支持手段，同时提出切实可行的实践建议。核心研究结论如下： 系统性语音教学（systematic phonics）是早期阅读能力发展的实证支撑最为坚实的教学模式； 1. 平衡读写教学法（balanced literacy）若能将语音教学与内容丰富的阅读活动有机融合，则可发挥最佳教学效果； 2. 多层级评估体系（Response to Intervention，RTI）是及时甄别阅读困难学习者的必要手段； 3. 数字化阅读环境带来了全新的教学挑战； 4. 基于上述研究结论，本综述针对教师培养、课程改革及未来研究方向提出了相应建议。