定量供油下球-环/球-盘接触形式润滑特性对比

采用球-环接触和球-盘接触形式的光干涉润滑油膜测量仪，在定量供油条件下观察两种接触形式下的不同润滑特性，分析了润滑差异性的内在机制. 结果显示：在低速条件下球-盘接触膜厚始终高于球-环接触膜厚，由接触几何特性差异导致的不同动压效应、侧泄效应和润滑剂流动是其主要原因；在高速条件下球-盘接触形式易出现入口乏油，而球-环接触在整个测试速度范围内未出现乏油，不同的离心力作用方向是导致这种差异的诱因. 试验还观察与分析了黏度对两种接触方式下润滑特性的影响：低速条件下，高黏度润滑剂易导致球-环接触出现乏油；高速条件下，高黏度润滑剂能够推迟球-盘接触时乏油状态的出现.

A lubricating film thickness measuring instrument based on optical interferometry, utilizing both ball-on-ring and ball-on-disk contact configurations, was employed to observe distinct lubrication behaviors under the two contact modes under quantitative lubricant supply conditions, and the underlying mechanisms of the lubrication disparities were analyzed. The results indicate that under low-speed conditions, the lubricating film thickness of ball-on-disk contact is consistently higher than that of ball-on-ring contact, with the main contributing factors being the distinct hydrodynamic pressure effects, side leakage effects and lubricant flow patterns induced by differences in contact geometric characteristics. Under high-speed conditions, the ball-on-disk contact configuration is prone to inlet starvation, whereas the ball-on-ring contact does not exhibit starvation across the entire test speed range; the discrepancy in the acting directions of centrifugal forces is the key factor leading to this difference. Additionally, the experiment observed and analyzed the influence of lubricant viscosity on the lubrication behaviors under the two contact modes: under low-speed conditions, high-viscosity lubricants tend to induce starvation in ball-on-ring contact; under high-speed conditions, high-viscosity lubricants can delay the onset of inlet starvation in ball-on-disk contact.