Development of Business Support Measures for China's Export Activities

The initial part of this research offers a foundational theoretical analysis, charting the development of China's export promotion strategies from their early formulation to current practices. It categorizes the evolution of policy into three principal stages: the foundational reform era (1978–1990), the post-WTO integration phase (2001–2010), and the contemporary period emphasizing innovation-driven and sustainable development (2010 to the present). This section pays particular attention to pivotal instruments such as export incentives, fiscal rebates, credit support for exporters, and mechanisms for managing currency valuation. Moreover, it investigates how these instruments have been recalibrated in response to the evolving global trade environment, particularly in the face of rising protectionist tendencies and the disruptions brought about by the COVID-19 crisis.
The second segment shifts focus to the operational implementation of these export facilitation policies across different sectors and geographic areas within China. It systematically evaluates the extent to which these measures have been customized to serve specific industrial domains—including manufacturing, advanced technology, and the agricultural sector—while highlighting disparities between economically advanced coastal zones and less developed inland provinces[90]. This portion also explores the structural challenges faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in accessing these supports and underscores the disproportionate advantages enjoyed by large state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
In the third part, the paper assesses the broader macroeconomic outcomes engendered by these policy interventions, particularly their influence on export performance and national economic expansion. It proceeds to examine the contribution of export support schemes to China’s rising prominence in international trade, using key indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP) growth, industrial productivity, and trade surplus metrics.It also assesses the long-term viability of these policies, taking into consideration the structural shifts underway within China's economy-from an export-oriented growth model to one driven by consumption and innovation. Finally, the paper considers the challenges and limitations that China's export support measures face, such as the negative impact on resource allocation, overdependence on government subsidies, and environmental impact from intensive export growth. Against this background, the paper presents recommendations for improving China's export policy framework, with a focus on enhancing the efficiency, equity, and sustainability of support measures in the context of evolving global economic dynamics.

本研究的开篇部分提供了基础性理论分析，梳理了中国出口促进战略从早期制定到当前实践的发展历程。它将政策演进划分为三个主要阶段：基础改革时期（1978–1990年）、加入世界贸易组织后的融合阶段（2001–2010年），以及当前强调创新驱动与可持续发展的时期（2010年至今）。本部分特别关注出口激励、财政退税、出口信贷支持以及汇率估值管理机制等关键政策工具。此外，还探讨了这些工具如何针对不断变化的全球贸易环境进行调整，尤其是在日益抬头的保护主义倾向以及新冠疫情（COVID-19）危机带来的冲击背景下。
第二部分将研究重点转向这些出口便利化政策在中国不同行业与地理区域的落地实施。它系统评估了这些政策措施针对特定产业领域——包括制造业、先进技术产业以及农业——的定制化程度，同时着重指出了经济发达的沿海地区与欠发达内陆省份之间存在的政策实施差异[90]。本部分还探讨了中小企业（Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, SMEs）在获取这些政策支持时面临的结构性障碍，并强调了大型国有企业（State-owned Enterprises, SOEs）所享有的不成比例的优势。
第三部分，本研究评估了这些政策干预所带来的宏观经济整体效应，尤其是其对出口表现与国民经济扩张的作用。随后，研究以国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product, GDP）增长率、工业生产率以及贸易顺差等关键指标为依据，考察了出口支持政策对中国在国际贸易中地位不断提升的贡献。同时，研究结合中国经济正在经历的结构性转型——从出口导向型增长模式转向消费与创新驱动型增长模式——评估了这些政策的长期可持续性。最后，本研究探讨了中国出口支持措施面临的挑战与局限，例如对资源配置的负面影响、对政府补贴的过度依赖，以及出口密集增长带来的环境影响。在此背景下，本研究提出了完善中国出口政策框架的建议，重点在于在不断变化的全球经济动态环境下，提升支持措施的效率、公平性与可持续性。