Data from: Congruent signals of population history but radically different patterns of genetic diversity between mitochondrial and nuclear markers in a mountain lizard

Historical factors, current population size, population connectivity and selective processes at linked loci contribute to shaping contemporary patterns of neutral genetic diversity. It is now widely acknowledged that nuclear and mitochondrial markers react differently to current demography as well as to past history, so the use of both types of markers is often advocated to gain insight on both historical and contemporary processes. We used 12 microsatellite loci genotyped in 13 populations of a mountain lizard (Iberolacerta bonnali) to test if the historical scenario favoured by a previous mitochondrial study was also supported by nuclear markers and thereby evaluated the consequences of post-glacial range movements on nuclear diversity. Congruent signals of recent history were revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial markers using an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach but contemporary patterns of mtDNA and nuclear DNA diversity were radically different. Although dispersal in this species is probably highly restricted at all spatial scales, colonisation abilities have been historically good, suggesting capability for reestablishment of locally extinct populations except in fully disconnected habitats.

历史因素、当前种群规模、种群连通性以及连锁位点上的选择过程，共同塑造了当代中性遗传多样性的分布格局。目前学界已普遍达成共识：核基因标记与线粒体标记对当前种群统计历史及过往演化历史的响应模式存在显著差异，因此常被提倡联合使用这两类标记，以深入解析历史与当代的演化过程。本研究对13个山地蜥蜴种群（*Iberolacerta bonnali*）的12个微卫星位点（microsatellite loci）进行了基因分型，旨在验证先前线粒体研究所支持的历史演化场景是否同样得到核基因标记的佐证，并借此评估冰期后分布区迁移对核基因多样性的影响。通过近似贝叶斯计算（Approximate Bayesian Computation, ABC）方法分析，核基因与线粒体标记均揭示了一致的近期历史信号，但mtDNA与核DNA的当代多样性分布格局却截然不同。尽管该物种在所有空间尺度上的扩散能力大概率受到极大限制，但其历史定殖能力较强，这意味着除完全连通性缺失的生境外，该物种具备重新建立局域灭绝种群的潜力。