Table S5.xlsx from The gender-specific impact of starvation on mitotypes diversity in adults of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

In animals, starvation can increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in some tissues. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more vulnerable to being attacked by ROS due to the lack of histone protection, leading to oxidative damage. However, whether starvation is associated with the genetic diversity of mtDNA remains unclear. Here, by using adult individuals of Drosophila melanogaster under three different feeding treatments (starvation, with provision of only water, and normal feeding), based on the high-throughput sequencing results of the PCR amplicons of the partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mt-cox1), no significant difference in the mean number of mitochondrial haplotypes and the mean genetic distance of haplotypes within individuals were identified between the three treatment groups. Coupled with the low proportion of heterogeneous mt-cox1 sequences within each individual, it suggested that starvation had a limited impact on mitotype genetic diversity and mitochondrial function. Nevertheless, starvation could significantly increase the sequence number of haplotypes containing specific mutations, and for males with higher levels of mitochondrial heteroplasmy than females in the normal feeding group, starvation could further increase this mitochondrial heteroplasmy.在动物体内，饥饿可提升部分组织中的活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）水平。线粒体DNA（mtDNA）由于缺乏组蛋白保护，更易受到ROS的攻击，进而引发氧化损伤。然而，饥饿是否与mtDNA的遗传多样性存在关联，目前仍不明确。本研究以黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）成虫为实验材料，设置三种饲喂处理组：饥饿处理、仅供水处理及正常饲喂处理。基于线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I基因（mt-cox1）部分序列的PCR扩增子高通量测序结果，本研究对比了三组处理间个体内线粒体单倍型平均数量与单倍型平均遗传距离，发现两组指标均无显著差异。结合各受试个体内mt-cox1序列异质性比例较低的现象，本研究表明饥饿对线粒体型遗传多样性及线粒体功能的影响较为有限。不过，饥饿可显著增加携带特定突变的单倍型的序列数量；且在正常饲喂组中，雄性个体的线粒体异质性水平高于雌性，饥饿可进一步提升这类个体的线粒体异质性。