Data_Sheet_1_Supplementation of multi-enzymes alone or combined with inactivated Lactobacillus benefits growth performance and gut microbiota in broilers fed wheat diets.docx

The effects of multi-enzymes mixture supplementation or combination with inactivated Lactobacillus on growth performance, intestinal barrier, and cecal microbiota were investigated in broilers at the age of 15–42 days fed a wheat-based diet. A total of 576 broilers (12 broilers/cage; n = 12) were used and divided into four groups and randomly allotted to four experimental diets throughout grower (15–28 days of age) and finisher (29–42 days of age) phases. Diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based diet (BD), a wheat-soybean meal-based diet (WD), and WD supplemented multi-enzymes (WED) or combined with inactivated Lactobacillus (WEPD). The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) were reduced in broilers fed WD diet compared with those fed BD diet during the grower period (P < 0.05). Broilers in the WED or WEPD group had higher ADG and BW during the grower period (P < 0.05) and had a lower feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) compared to broilers in the WD group during the grower and overall periods (P < 0.05). Improved expression of intestinal barrier genes (claudin-1, ZO-1, and mucin-2) was observed in WEPD compared to the BD or WD group (P < 0.05). Compared to the BD group, the WD group decreased the abundance of Oscillospira, norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae, and Peptococcus, which are related to anti-inflammatory function and BW gain. The WD also increased Bifidobacterium and some short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Anaerotruncus, Blautia, and Oscillibacter), and Barnesiella, which were presumed as “harmful microbes” [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. WED and WEPD groups, respectively, improved Bilophila and Eubacterium_hallii_group compared with those in the WD group (FDR < 0.05). In addition, the Enterococcus abundance was reduced in the WEPD group compared to the WD group (FDR < 0.05). Higher acetate and total SCFA concentrations were observed (P < 0.05) among broilers who received a WD diet. Compared with the WD group, the WED or WEPD group further increased cecal propionate content (P < 0.05) and tended to improve butyrate concentration. These results suggested that supplemental multi-enzymes alone and combined with inactivated Lactobacillus could improve the growth performance based on the wheat-based diet and offer additional protective effects on the intestinal barrier function of broilers.

本研究以15~42日龄肉鸡为试验对象，探究了小麦基础日粮中添加复合酶制剂，或复合酶与灭活乳酸菌联用对肉鸡生长性能、肠道屏障功能及盲肠微生物群的影响。本试验共选取576只肉鸡（每笼12只，n=12），随机划分为4个试验组，在育成期（15~28日龄）与育肥期（29~42日龄）全程饲喂4种试验日粮。试验日粮包括玉米-豆粕基础日粮（BD）、小麦-豆粕基础日粮（WD）、添加复合酶的小麦-豆粕日粮（WED），以及添加复合酶与灭活乳酸菌的小麦-豆粕日粮（WEPD）。
结果显示，育成期饲喂WD日粮的肉鸡平均日增重（average daily gain, ADG）与体重（body weight, BW）较BD组显著降低（P<0.05）。育成期WED组与WEPD组肉鸡的ADG与BW均显著高于WD组（P<0.05），且在育成期及全试验周期内，两组的料重比（feed-to-gain ratio, F/G）均显著低于WD组（P<0.05）。
与BD组或WD组相比，WEPD组肉鸡的肠道屏障基因（紧密连接蛋白-1（claudin-1）、ZO-1及黏蛋白-2（mucin-2））的表达水平显著上调（P<0.05）。相较于BD组，WD组肉鸡盲肠中与抗炎功能及体重增长相关的颤螺菌属（Oscillospira）、未分类红蝽杆菌科（norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae）及消化球菌属（Peptococcus）的丰度显著降低；同时，WD组显著提高了双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）、部分产短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acid, SCFA）菌属（厌氧绳菌属Anaerotruncus、布劳特氏菌属Blautia、振动杆菌属Oscillibacter）以及巴恩斯氏菌属（Barnesiella）的丰度，上述菌属被认定为“有害微生物”（错误发现率false discovery rate, FDR < 0.05）。
与WD组相比，WED组与WEPD组分别显著提高了嗜胆菌属（Bilophila）以及霍氏真杆菌群（Eubacterium_hallii_group）的丰度（FDR < 0.05）；此外，WEPD组较WD组显著降低了肠球菌属（Enterococcus）的丰度（FDR < 0.05）。饲喂WD日粮的肉鸡盲肠中乙酸及总短链脂肪酸浓度显著升高（P<0.05）。与WD组相比，WED组与WEPD组进一步提高了盲肠丙酸含量（P<0.05），并对丁酸浓度提升呈现正向趋势。
上述结果表明，在小麦基础日粮中单独添加复合酶制剂，或复合酶与灭活乳酸菌联用，均可改善肉鸡的生长性能，并对肉鸡肠道屏障功能产生额外的保护作用。