ANOVA table and estimated coefficients – linear mixed model for nestling morphological traits.

Wing and tarsus models are repeated measures models with Nest of Origin and nestling ID as random factors. Hatching date and brood size are centred for ease of interpretation. F and p values stem from ANOVA table, and for non-significant interactions represent values just before removal (significance level for removal of interaction p>0.1). Reference = 8 days old female nestling from a prenatal maternal control and matching environment group. SE = standard error.翼长与跗跖长模型为以原生巢（Nest of Origin）与雏鸟个体标识为随机效应因子的重复测量模型。为便于结果解读，对孵化日期与窝雏数进行了中心化处理。F值与p值取自方差分析（ANOVA）表；对于无显著交互效应的项，其取值为交互效应被剔除前的计算结果，交互效应的剔除显著性阈值设为p>0.1。参照组为产前母本对照且环境匹配组的8日龄雌性雏鸟。标准误（standard error，SE）。