The description of variables influencing GDE.

For a long time, China ’s extensive economic development model has produced a large amount of emissions, which has brought indelible damage to the environment. Green development is of vital importance for China to achieve high-quality development, and it is the core of alleviating environmental problems and promoting sustainable development. How to achieve China ’s green development requires us to evaluate the level of green development in China ’s provinces and analyze the reasons. In this study, an evaluation index system including undesired output of green development efficiency is constructed, and then the Supe-SBM model is used to assess the green development efficiency of 30 Chinese provinces. This paper also discusses the spatial and temporal differences as well as the factors affecting green development efficiency of green development efficiency among provinces. The findings demonstrate: (1) The green development efficiency in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the western region, while the central region has the lowest, but they all show a downward trend. (2) The spatial characteristics of green development efficiency are remarkable, according to the Global Moran’s I index. However, the results of local spatial agglomeration demonstrate "small agglomeration and large dispersion," with the majority of provinces exhibiting L-L agglomeration. (3) Technological Progress, Opening Up, Urbanization Level are positively correlated with the green development efficiency. Industrial Structure, Financial Development, Energy Structure and green development efficiency are significantly negatively correlated, while Environmental Regulation shows no significant impact.

长期以来，中国粗放式经济发展模式产生了大量污染物排放，给生态环境带来了难以磨灭的损害。绿色发展对于中国实现高质量发展至关重要，亦是缓解环境问题、推动可持续发展的核心所在。如何实现中国的绿色发展，需要我们对各省的绿色发展水平开展评估并剖析其成因。本研究构建了包含绿色发展效率非期望产出（undesired output）的评价指标体系，并采用超效率SBM模型（Supe-SBM）对中国30个省份的绿色发展效率进行测算评估。本文还探讨了各省绿色发展效率的时空差异及其影响因素。研究结果表明：其一，东部地区绿色发展效率最高，西部地区次之，中部地区最低，但三类区域的绿色发展效率均呈下降趋势。其二，基于全局莫兰I指数（Global Moran’s I）的测算结果，绿色发展效率的空间特征显著；但局部空间集聚结果呈现“小集聚、大分散”的格局，多数省份表现为低-低（L-L）集聚。其三，技术进步、对外开放水平、城镇化水平与绿色发展效率呈显著正相关；产业结构、金融发展水平、能源结构与绿色发展效率呈显著负相关；而环境规制对绿色发展效率无显著影响。