Table_1_High Diversity of Cytospora Associated With Canker and Dieback of Rosaceae in China, With 10 New Species Described.DOCX

Cytospora canker is a destructive disease of numerous hosts and causes serious economic losses with a worldwide distribution. Identification of Cytospora species is difficult due to insufficient phylogenetic understanding and overlapped morphological characteristics. In this study, we provide an assessment of 23 Cytospora spp., which covered nine genera of Rosaceae, and focus on 13 species associated with symptomatic branch or twig canker and dieback disease in China. Through morphological observation and multilocus phylogeny of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit (LSU), actin (act), RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and beta-tubulin (tub2) gene regions, the results indicate 13 distinct lineages with high branch support. These include 10 new Cytospora species, i.e., C. cinnamomea, C. cotoneastricola, C. mali-spectabilis, C. ochracea, C. olivacea, C. pruni-mume, C. rosicola, C. sorbina, C. tibetensis, and C. xinjiangensis and three known taxa including Cytospora erumpens, C. leucostoma, and C. parasitica. This study provides an initial understanding of the taxonomy of Cytospora associated with canker and dieback disease of Rosaceae in China.

壳囊孢溃疡病（Cytospora canker）是一种寄主范围广泛的毁灭性病害，在全球范围内分布，可造成严重的经济损失。由于系统发育认知不足以及形态特征重叠，壳囊孢属（Cytospora）物种的鉴定难度较大。本研究对23个壳囊孢属物种进行了评估，这些物种的寄主涵盖蔷薇科（Rosaceae）9个属，并重点分析了中国地区与具症状枝干溃疡及回枯病相关的13个物种。通过形态学观察以及对内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer, ITS）、核核糖体大亚基（large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit, LSU）、肌动蛋白（actin, act）、RNA聚合酶II亚基（RNA polymerase II subunit, rpb2）、翻译延伸因子1-α（translation elongation factor 1-α, tef1-α）以及β-微管蛋白（beta-tubulin, tub2）基因区域的多位点系统发育分析，结果显示得到13个具有高分支支持率的独立演化支。这些演化支包含10个新的壳囊孢属物种，即肉桂色壳囊孢（C. cinnamomea）、栒子生壳囊孢（C. cotoneastricola）、苹果海棠壳囊孢（C. mali-spectabilis）、赭色壳囊孢（C. ochracea）、橄榄色壳囊孢（C. olivacea）、梅生壳囊孢（C. pruni-mume）、蔷薇生壳囊孢（C. rosicola）、花楸壳囊孢（C. sorbina）、西藏壳囊孢（C. tibetensis）以及新疆壳囊孢（C. xinjiangensis），另有3个已知类群：突壳囊孢（Cytospora erumpens）、白缘壳囊孢（C. leucostoma）以及寄生壳囊孢（C. parasitica）。本研究初步明确了中国地区蔷薇科植物溃疡与回枯病相关壳囊孢属物种的分类学情况。