Profile of infected pregnant women and children exposed to HIV at a specialized service in the South of Brazil

Abstract Objectives: to characterize the social and clinical profile of pregnant women infected with HIV, the factors associated to the prevention of vertical transmission, and to analyze the quality of the information available in the SINAN notification forms and clinical records of infected pregnant women and children exposed to HIV in a specialized service in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: retrospective documentary study conducted from medical records of 110 HIV mothers and their children born between June/2014 and March/2017. For the analysis, the absolute frequency and the data percentage were taken under consideration. Results: the characterization of infected women represents a Brazilian scenario among young adults, low schooling level and the occurrence of unpaid employment situation. Most mothers underwent treatment during pregnancy and had prenatal care with the intention of applying the prophylactic measures recommended by the national protocols. A greater occurrence of incompleteness of data in the factors of prevention of vertical transmission was identified. Conclusions: the compromise is identified regarding the quality of assistance addressed to the population, which is largely exposed to unfavorable social conditions. The occurrence of data incompleteness shows that there is still not a culture among health professionals that ensures that the information is adequately filled out and favors the exchange of the information among the services.

摘要
研究目的：本研究旨在明确人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染孕妇的社会与临床特征、与预防母婴垂直传播相关的影响因素，并分析巴西南里奥格兰德州乡村地区某专科医疗机构中，HIV感染孕妇及HIV暴露儿童的SINAN（巴西法定传染病监测信息系统）报告表单及临床记录中的信息质量。
研究方法：本研究为回顾性病历研究，纳入2014年6月至2017年3月期间分娩的110名HIV感染孕妇及其所生子女的临床病历资料开展分析；分析过程中采用绝对频数与构成比作为统计指标。
研究结果：本次研究纳入的HIV感染孕妇群体呈现巴西本土特征：多为青年群体，受教育水平偏低，且多处于无报酬就业状态。多数孕妇在妊娠期接受了抗病毒治疗，并遵循国家指南推荐的预防性措施完成产前保健流程。本研究同时发现，母婴垂直传播预防相关因素的填报数据存在较高比例的缺失情况。
研究结论：本研究明确了针对该群体的医疗服务质量存在不足，该群体大多处于不利的社会处境之中。数据填报缺失问题反映出，当前医护人员尚未形成规范填报诊疗信息并推动跨机构信息共享的职业行为习惯。