Table_1_The relationship between physical activity, physical health, and mental health among older Chinese adults: A scoping review.docx

The aging Chinese population is growing fast, and the proportion of the population aged 60 years old is projected to reach 28% by 2040, estimated 402 million. With increased life expectancy, the aging population tends to suffer from health risks and diseases, which create a burden on public health policy. Hence, it is essential to promote healthy and active aging, which includes improving older adults' physical and mental capacities and advocating for the achievement of a healthy life expectancy. Despite the rapidly growing aging population in China, there have been no reviews investigating the effect of physical activity on physical and mental health among older Chinese adults. Therefore, the current study aimed to review studies from the past 15 years that illustrate the effect of physical activity on physical and mental health among Chinese older adults. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), this review addresses the associations between physical activity, physical health and mental health among older Chinese adults. A total of 371 studies were included in the scoping review, which covered the relationships between physical activity, physical health and mental health variables. The scoping review also revealed the impact of various kinds of physical activity affecting older adults' physical health, such as functional fitness, body composition, fall risk and balance, and mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, cognitive function and quality of life. Moreover, studies have identified innovative forms of physical activity as emerging trends in physical activity interventions for older adults. To conclude, this scoping review captured the common effects between physical activity and overall wellbeing, including physical, mental, and cognitive health. Additionally, diverse forms of physical activity intervention, such as group-based and supervised individual interventions, should be supported, and cross-cultural exercise comparisons should be made in future explorations.

中国老龄化人口增速迅猛，预计到2040年，60岁及以上人口占比将达28%，总规模约为4.02亿。随着预期寿命延长，老年群体更易罹患各类健康风险与疾病，给公共卫生政策带来沉重负担。因此，推动健康老龄化与积极老龄化至关重要，其内涵包括提升老年人的身心机能，并倡导实现健康预期寿命。尽管中国老龄化人口规模快速扩张，但目前尚无综述系统探讨体育活动对中国老年群体身心健康的影响。基于系统综述与元分析首选报告条目（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses，PRISMA）的范围综述扩展规范（PRISMA-ScR），本综述旨在梳理近15年来的相关研究，阐明体育活动与中国老年群体身心健康之间的关联。本次范围综述共纳入371项研究，涵盖体育活动、身体健康与心理健康相关变量间的关联。此外，综述还揭示了各类体育活动对老年群体身体健康（如功能性体适能、身体成分、跌倒风险与平衡能力）及心理健康问题（如抑郁、焦虑、认知功能与生活质量）的影响。研究同时发现，创新型体育活动形式已成为老年体育活动干预的新兴趋势。综上，本次范围综述明确了体育活动与老年人整体健康福祉（包括躯体、心理与认知健康）间的普遍关联。此外，未来研究应支持多样化的体育活动干预模式（如团体式与监督式个体化干预），并开展跨文化运动比较相关探索。