Cryotolerance biomarkers of seminal plasma.

Spermatozoa cryopreservation has been practiced for decades and is a very useful technique for long-term preservation of sperm fertility. The capability for semen cryopreservation varies across species, seasons, latitudes, and even for different ejaculates from the same animal. This article summarizes research results on sperm cryotolerance biomarkers in several species, focusing on three areas: spermatozoa cryotolerance biomarkers, seminal plasma proteins cryotolerance biomarkers, and other cryotolerance biomarkers. We discovered that sperm cryoresistance biomarkers are primarily related to sperm plasma membrane stability, the presence of antioxidant substances in sperm or seminal plasma, sperm cell energy metabolism, water and small molecule transport channels in the sperm plasma membrane, and antistress substances in sperm or seminal plasma. The research conducted using diverse livestock models can be employed to enhance the basic and applied reproduction of other mammals through the study of sperm cryotolerance biomarkers, as well as the substantial similarities between livestock and other organisms, including endangered species.

精子（spermatozoa）冷冻保存技术已应用数十年，是长期保存精子生育能力的实用技术手段。精液（semen）冷冻保存的能力因物种、季节、纬度而异，甚至同一动物的不同射精样本间也存在差异。本文综述了多个物种的精子抗冻耐受性生物标志物（sperm cryotolerance biomarkers）相关研究成果，重点涵盖三大类别：精子抗冻耐受性生物标志物、精浆蛋白（seminal plasma proteins）抗冻耐受性生物标志物，以及其他抗冻耐受性生物标志物。研究表明，精子抗冻抗性生物标志物主要与精子细胞膜（sperm plasma membrane）稳定性、精子或精浆中抗氧化物质的存在、精子能量代谢、精子细胞膜上的水与小分子转运通道，以及精子或精浆中的抗应激物质密切相关。依托多种家畜模型开展的相关研究，结合家畜与包括濒危物种在内的其他生物间存在的高度相似性，可通过精子抗冻耐受性生物标志物的研究，推动其他哺乳动物基础与应用繁殖学的发展。